Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35715536›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

Moisture retention of glycerin solutions with various concentrations: a comparative study.

H J Chen, P Y Lee, C Y Chen, S L Huang, B W Huang, F J Dai, C F Chau, C S Chen, Y S Lin

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

H J Chen *Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402204, Taiwan, ROC.
P Y Lee *Department of Optoelectronics and Materials Technology, National Taiwan Ocean University, No. 2, Beining Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Keelung City, 202301, Taiwan, ROC.
C Y ChenPh.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, No. 2, Lienda Rd., Miaoli City, 360302, Taiwan, ROC.
S L HuangPh.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, No. 2, Lienda Rd., Miaoli City, 360302, Taiwan, ROC.
B W HuangDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National United University, No. 2, Lienda Rd., Miaoli City, 360302, Taiwan, ROC.
F J DaiDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402204, Taiwan, ROC.
C F ChauDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402204, Taiwan, ROC.
C S ChenDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung City, 402204, Taiwan, ROC.
Y S LinPh.D. Program in Materials and Chemical Engineering, National United University, No. 2, Lienda Rd., Miaoli City, 360302, Taiwan, ROC. linys@nuu.edu.tw.
National Chung Hsing University · TWNational United University · TWNational Taiwan Ocean University · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Various methods of evaluating a humectant's moisture retention have unique mechanisms. Hence, for designing advanced or efficient ingredients of cosmetic products, a clear understanding of differences among methods is required. The aim of this study was to analyze the moisture-retention capacity of glycerin, a common ingredient in cosmetic products. Specifically, this study applied gravimetric analysis, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to examine the evaporation of glycerin solutions of different concentrations. The results revealed that the moisture-retention capacity of glycerin increased with the glycerin concentration from 0 to 60 wt%, and glycerin at concentration of 60-70 wt% did not exhibit weight change during the evaporation process. When the glycerin concentration exceeded 70 wt%, moisture sorption occurred in the glycerin solution. Furthermore, the results revealed a deviation between the evaporation rates measured using gravimetric analysis and those measured using TEWL analysis. However, normalizing the results of these analyses yielded the relative evaporation rates to water, which were consistent between these two analyses. DSC thermograms further confirmed the consistent results and identified two hydrated water microstructures (nonfreezable water and free water) in the glycerin solutions, which explained why the measured evaporation rate decreased with the glycerin concentration. These findings can be applied to prove the moisture-retention capacity of a humectant in cosmetic products by different measuring methods.

Indexed as

CosmeticsGlycerolCalorimetry, Differential ScanningHygroscopic AgentsWaterCosmeticsGlycerolHygroscopic AgentsWater

Identifiers

PMID35715536
PMCPMC9205919
OpenAlexW4283034808

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.