ArticleNature cancer2022
Cytokine release syndrome-like serum responses after COVID-19 vaccination are frequent and clinically inapparent under cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Nature cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- S100 Protein and Interleukin Biomarkers Among COVID-19 Subjects With and Without Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibition enhances memory T-cell responses to CEF(T), SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination Induces Reduced T-Cell Apoptosis in Patients with Solid Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Vaccination: Assessing Safety, Efficacy, and Synergistic Potential.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Effects of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents on postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, antibody response, and serological cytokine profile.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Observational
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitors.Cell death & disease · 2023Review
- Longitudinal efficacy and toxicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy.Cell death & disease · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Liver Disease: A Review of Pathogenesis and Outcomes.Gut and liver · 2023Review
- Update on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Enterocolitis.Current gastroenterology reports · 2022Review
- Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer.Trends in molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer: a joint analysis of OnCovid and ESMO-CoCARE registries.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Immunogenicity and Safety of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Melanoma Treated with Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2022Article
- COVID-19 vaccination in patients with cancer: Opportunities and challenges.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Predictive model for BNT162b2 vaccine response in cancer patients based on blood cytokines and growth factors.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
36 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with cancer frequently receive immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which may modulate immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines. Recently, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed in a patient with cancer who received BTN162b2 vaccination under ICI treatment. Here, we analyzed adverse events and serum cytokines in patients with 23 different tumors undergoing (n = 64) or not undergoing (n = 26) COVID-19 vaccination under ICI therapy in a prospectively planned German single-center cohort study (n = 220). We did not observe clinically relevant CRS (≥grade 2) after vaccination (95% CI 0-5.6%; Common Terminology of Adverse Events v.5.0) in this small cohort. Within 4 weeks after vaccination, serious adverse events occurred in eight patients (12.5% 95% CI 5.6-23%): six patients were hospitalized due to events common under cancer therapy including immune related adverse events and two patients died due to conditions present before vaccination. Despite absence of CRS symptoms, a set of pairwise-correlated CRS-associated cytokines, including CXCL8 and interleukin-6 was >1.5-fold upregulated in 40% (95% CI 23.9-57.9%) of patients after vaccination. Hence, elevated cytokine levels are common and not sufficient to establish CRS diagnosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.