ArticleChest2022
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, Local IL-8 Expression, and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response in the Lungs of Patients With Fatal COVID-19.
Article in Chest, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage Extracellular Traps in Immunity and Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Review
- Chromosomal instability shapes the tumor microenvironment of esophageal adenocarcinoma via a cGAS-chemokine-myeloid axis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Diagnosis of Dual c- and p-ANCA Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- NET-like Events on Peripheral Blood Smears at Admission: Association with Disease Severity and Systemic Inflammation in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Integrated transcriptomic and immune analysis reveals distinct mitochondrial and immune signature in COVID-19 ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Elevated neutrophil extracellular traps formation driven by the HPV-mediated CXCL8-CXCR1/2-ROS-p21 axis promotes the growth and metastasis of cervical cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Association of the rs2814778 variant in the ACKR1 gene, responsible for the Duffy erythrocyte antigen "null" phenotype, with COVID-19 severity in Southern Brazil.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Induced Regulatory T Cells Attenuate Poly I:C-Triggered Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Cytokine Responses.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Plasma Proteomic Profiling Yields a High-Performance Biomarker Panel for Predicting a Poor Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19.Journal of proteome research · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic analysis reveals shared deregulated neutrophil responses in COVID-19 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- COVID-19 patient serum-derived extracellular vesicles deliver miR-20b-5p induces neutrophil extracellular traps.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Effects of neutrophil granule proteins on sepsis-associated lymphopenia and their relationship with CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of neutrophil dynamics and disease in SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants utilizing anFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Cardiovascular Pathologies: The Impact of Lipid Profiles, PAD4, and Radiation.Biocell : official journal of the Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Microscopia Electronica ... et. al · 2025Article
- Serum chemokine IL-8 acts as a biomarker for identifying COVID-19-associated persistent severe acute kidney injury.Renal failure · 2024Article
- A narrative review on lung injury: mechanisms, biomarkers, and monitoring.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Review
- What is the actual relationship between neutrophil extracellular traps and COVID-19 severity? A longitudinal study.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Development of Biomarkers and Prognosis Model of Mortality Risk in Patients with COVID-19.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Progress in cytokine research for ARDS: A comprehensive review.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExcessive inflammation is pathogenic in the pneumonitis associated with severe COVID-19. Neutrophils are among the most abundantly present leukocytes in the inflammatory infiltrates and may form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) under the local influence of cytokines. NETs constitute a defense mechanism against bacteria, but have also been shown to mediate tissue damage in a number of diseases. RESEARCH QUESTION: Could NETs and their tissue-damaging properties inherent to neutrophil-associated functions play a role in the respiratory failure seen in patients with severe COVID-19, and how does this relate to the SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, IL-8 (CXCL8) chemokine expression, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte infiltrates? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsSixteen lung biopsy samples obtained immediately after death were analyzed methodically as exploratory and validation cohorts. NETs were analyzed quantitatively by multiplexed immunofluorescence and were correlated with local levels of IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) and the density of CD8+ T-cell infiltration. SARS-CoV-2 presence in tissue was quantified by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analysis.
resultsNETs were found in the lung interstitium and surrounding the bronchiolar epithelium with interindividual and spatial heterogeneity. NET density did not correlate with SARS-CoV-2 tissue viral load. NETs were associated with local IL-8 mRNA levels. NETs were also detected in pulmonary thrombi and in only one of eight liver tissues. NET focal presence correlated negatively with CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the lungs.
interpretationAbundant neutrophils undergoing NETosis are found in the lungs of patients with fatal COVID-19, but no correlation was found with viral loads. The strong association between NETs and IL-8 points to this chemokine as a potentially causative factor. The function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in the immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 may be interfered with by the presence of NETs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.