ArticleSports medicine - open2022
Sleep Regularity and Predictors of Sleep Efficiency and Sleep Duration in Elite Team Sport Athletes.
Article in Sports medicine - open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep duration, timing, and regularity during school, training, and holiday periods in male adolescent soccer players.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- The Sleep Regularity Index: A New Way to Evaluate Shiftwork Schedules.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Objective sleep characteristics of elite academy soccer players: a seven-day actigraphy analysis of a U15 national league squad.Biology of sport · 2026Article
- How Does the Sleep Regularity Questionnaire Relate to Wearable- and Diary-Derived Sleep Regularity?Journal of circadian rhythms · 2026Article
- Morning Appointment Time Rather Than Training Load Affects Sleep During a Training Camp in Young Elite Rugby Union Players.European journal of sport science · 2025Article
- Sleep irregularity is associated with night-time technology, dysfunctional sleep beliefs and subjective sleep parameters amongst female university students.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of match load on perceived wellness in highly trained female football players.PloS one · 2025Article
- High risk, low rest: a new framework for monitoring sleep vulnerability in emergency medicine.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Aspects of Elite Female Football Players' Training Loads and Sleep Variations.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Routine, Routine, Routine: Sleep Regularity and its Association with Sleep Metrics in Professional Rugby Union Athletes.Sports medicine - open · 2024Article
- Evaluating the reliability of the athlete sleep behavior questionnaire (ASBQ): a meta-analysis of Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- The Effect of Total Sleep Deprivation on the Cognitive and In-Game Performance of Rocket League Esport Players.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Higher Levels of Morning and Daytime Light Exposure Associated with Positive Sleep Indices in Professional Team Sport Athletes.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Sleep in marathon and ultramarathon runners: a brief narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Sleep and Performance in Professional Athletes.Current sleep medicine reports · 2023Review
- A multimodal multi-agent LLM framework for identifying key drivers of sleep disorders.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany elite athletes have suboptimal sleep duration and efficiency, potentially due to factors that may impact sleep onset and offset times. Variability in sleep onset and offset may negatively influence sleep. The sleep regularity index (SRI) is a novel metric for sleep regularity, however there are no published descriptions of SRI in elite athletes. Further, contributors to sleep efficiency and duration in elite athletes using objective measures have not been explored.
methodsSleep was monitored over a minimum of seven consecutive days (7 to 43)-in 203 elite team sport athletes (age range = 19-36 years; female, n = 79; male, n = 124, total sleep nights = 1975) using activity monitoring and sleep diaries. The sleep regularity index (SRI) was calculated to reflect the night-to-night shifts in sleep by accounting for changes in sleep onset and sleep offset. Sleep characteristics were compared between regular and irregular sleepers and important contributors to sleep efficiency and total sleep time were assessed using multiple linear regression models.
resultsThe median sleep regularity index and interquartile range were 85.1 (81.4 to 88.8). When compared to irregular sleepers, regular sleepers demonstrated (1) significantly greater sleep efficiency (p = 0.006; 0.31 medium effect size [ES]), (2) significantly less variability in total sleep time (- p ≤ 0.001; - 0.69, large ES) and sleep efficiency (- 0.34, small ES), (3) similar total sleep time and (4) significantly less variation in sleep onset (p ≤ 0.001; - 0.73, large ES) and offset (p ≤ 0.001; - 0.74, large ES) times. Sleep characteristics explained 73% and 22% of the variance in total sleep time and sleep efficiency, respectively. The most important contributor to total sleep time was a later sleep offset time, while the most important contributors to sleep efficiency were an earlier bedtime and less variable sleep onset times.
conclusionsBedtime and a consistent sleep onset time are important factors associated with sleep efficiency in athletes, while sleep offset is an important factor for total sleep time. Coaches and staff can assist their athletes by providing training schedules that allow for both regularity and sufficiency of time in bed where possible.
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