SynthesisArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2023
Effects of transdermal versus oral hormone replacement therapy in postmenopause: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cognitive behavioural therapy for menopausal symptoms: a systematic review of efficacy in improving quality of life.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- [Preventive activities in women: PAPPS 2024 update].Atencion primaria · 2024Guideline
- Brazilian Guideline on Menopausal Cardiovascular Health - 2024.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Guideline
- Modern pharmacological management of Osteoporosis: from monotherapy to sequential and combination approaches in postmenopausal women.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- Efficacy of postmenopausal estrogen replacement in SIV-infected female macaques on antiretroviral therapy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Design-ExpertPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk: Current Evidence and Clinical Implications.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Venous Thromboembolism in Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals on Estrogen-Based Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Transdermal Hormonal Therapy in Menopause: Current Evidence and Personalized Approaches.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Trends in Government-Subsidised Menopausal Hormone Therapy Dispensing in Australia Between 2014 and 2023.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2026Article
- Then and Now: What We Have Learned From the WHI.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Incidence of venous thromboembolism in women receiving transdermal oestradiol/testosterone with micronised progesterone in accordance with NICE guidelines.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women.European heart journal open · 2026Review
- [Russian eligibility criteria for prescription of menopausal hormone therapy to patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Agreement document of RKO, ROAG, RAE, EAT, AFR, RNMOT, RAGG].Problemy endokrinologii · 2026Article
- Sex Hormone Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Evaluation of 17β-Estradiol Administration by Subcutaneous Injections in Transgender Women.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Androgen receptor mutations in familial androgen insensitivity syndrome: A metabolic reprogramming pathway to type 2 diabetes susceptibility.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Qiang Jin Mixture Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Cells via BMP2/Smads Pathway and its Network Pharmacology Study.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Functionalized bacterial cellulose membranes with controlled biodegradation and β-estradiol delivery properties for potential intrauterine adhesion prevention.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo summarize available evidence comparing the transdermal and the oral administration routes of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women.
methodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature on multiple databases between January 1990 and December 2021. We included randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing the transdermal and oral administration routes of estrogens for HRT in postmenopausal women regarding at least one of the outcomes of interest: cardiovascular risk, venous thromboembolism (VTE), lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD), and risk of pre-malignant and malignant endometrial lesions, or breast cancer.
resultsThe systematic literature search identified a total of 1369 manuscripts, of which 51 were included. Most studies were observational and of good quality, whereas the majority of randomized controlled trials presented a high or medium risk of bias. Oral and transdermal administration routes are similar regarding BMD, glucose metabolism, and lipid profile improvements, as well as do not appear different regarding breast cancer, endometrial disease, and cardiovascular risk. Identified literature provides clear evidence only for the VTE risk, which is higher with the oral administration route.
conclusionsAvailable evidence comparing the transdermal and oral administration routes for HRT is limited and of low quality, recommending further investigations. VTE risk can be considered the clearest and strongest clinical difference between the two administration routes, supporting the transdermal HRT as safer than the oral administration route.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.