ArticleCirculation research2022
Interleukin-6 Predicts Carotid Plaque Severity, Vulnerability, and Progression.
Article in Circulation research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-6 and Surgical Outcomes in Carotid Endarterectomy: A Systematic Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Synergistic SGLT2 and GLP-1R targeting alleviates systemic inflammation-induced and M1 monocyte-driven endothelial dysfunction in coronary artery disease.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- TheJournal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Circulating biomarkers of carotid plaque vulnerability: current evidence, emerging markers, and barriers to clinical implementation.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Agreement between heuristic shrinkage factor and optimal shrinkage factors in logistic regression for risk prediction: a simulation study across different sample sizes and settings.Diagnostic and prognostic research · 2026Article
- Interleukin‑6 and ischemic stroke: From mechanisms to clinical prospects (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Carotid Restenosis: Incidence, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Options.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Role of Interleukin-6 in Atherothrombosis and Myocardial Infarction.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Inulin may inhibit ADAM17 to delay atherosclerosis.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Atherosclerosis features in rheumatic diseases - focus on peripheral artery disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Review on the Role of Oral Bacteria in Stroke.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association between inflammatory cytokines and carotid plaque in young and middle-aged adults.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Circulating Markers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction Associated With Increased Progression of Internal Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in the Population-Based Framingham Heart Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Genetic Downregulation of Interleukin-6 Signaling and Arteriolosclerotic Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Drug Target Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Association between Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Stroke, Cardiovascular Events, and Alzheimer's Disease Dementia.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2025Observational
- Real-Time Monitoring of Atherosclerotic Plaque Using β-Galactosidase-Activated Photoacoustic Tomography.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Tracing Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke: Biomarkers and Clinical Insight.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mechanisms through which laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy mitigates atherosclerosis risk: a focus on visceral adipose tissue.European journal of medical research · 2025Review
- The Role of IL-6 in Ischemic Stroke.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- IL-6 Promotes Muscle Atrophy by Increasing Ubiquitin-Proteasome Degradation of Muscle Regeneration Factors After Cerebral Infarction in Rats.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 10 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIL-6 (interleukin-6) has important roles in atherosclerosis pathophysiology. To determine if anti-IL-6 therapy warrants evaluation as an adjuvant stroke prevention strategy in patients with carotid atherosclerosis, we tested whether circulating IL-6 levels predict carotid plaque severity, vulnerability, and progression in the prospective population-based CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study).
methodsDuplex carotid ultrasound was performed at baseline and 5 years. Baseline plaque severity was scored 0 to 5 based on North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial grade of stenosis. Plaque vulnerability at baseline was the presence of markedly irregular, ulcerated, or echolucent plaques. Plaque progression at 5 years was a ≥1 point increase in stenosis severity. The relationship of baseline plasma IL-6 levels with plaque characteristics was modeled using multivariable linear (severity) or logistic (vulnerability and progression) regression. Risk factors of atherosclerosis were included as independent variables. Stepwise backward elimination was used with
resultsThere were 4334 participants with complete data (58.9% women, mean age: 72.7±5.1 years), including 1267 (29.2%) with vulnerable plaque and 1474 (34.0%) with plaque progression. Log IL-6 predicted plaque severity (β=0.09,
conclusionsCirculating IL-6 predicts carotid plaque severity, vulnerability, and progression. The 2.0 pg/mL cutoff could facilitate the selection of individuals that would benefit from anti-IL-6 drugs for stroke prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.