ArticleHGG advances2022
X chromosome inactivation in the human placenta is patchy and distinct from adult tissues.
Article in HGG advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural peer pressure: intercellular dynamics and emergent phenotypes in the mosaic Rett syndrome brain.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Sex-influenced DNA methylation differs by placental cell type.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Escape from X inactivation drives sex differences in gene expression.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Genes with abnormal DNA methylation in chorionic villi of spontaneous abortions with monosomy X.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Article
- X chromosome inactivation across primary human tissues is mostly complete, with significant implications for genetic and clinical studies.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- An allele-resolved nanopore-guided tour of the human placental methylome.Nature communications · 2025Article
- HJ Muller and the Relationship Between Sex Chromosome Degeneration and the Evolution of Dosage Compensation.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Review
- Placental mitochondrial calcium uniporter modulates offspring susceptibility to metabolic dysfunction.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
- X chromosome inactivation in mammals: general principles and species-specific considerations.EMBO reports · 2025Review
- Exploratory analysis of differences at the transcriptional interface between the maternal and fetal compartments of the sheep placenta and potential influence of fetal sex.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2025Article
- Conserved and divergent features of trophoblast stem cells.Journal of molecular endocrinology · 2024Review
- Review
- IndiSPENsable for X Chromosome Inactivation and Gene Silencing.Epigenomes · 2023Review
- Review
- The compleX balancing act of controlling X-chromosome dosage and how it impacts mammalian germline development.The Biochemical journal · 2023Article
- Origin and Evolution of Marsupial-specific Imprinting Clusters Through Lineage-specific Gene Duplications and Acquisition of Promoter Differential Methylation.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Sex differences in early and term placenta are conserved in adult tissues.Biology of sex differences · 2022Article
- Monosomy X in isogenic human iPSC-derived trophoblast model impacts expression modules preserved in human placenta.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Rare X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Females Associated withDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Stem-cell-derived trophoblast organoids model human placental development and susceptibility to emerging pathogens.Cell stem cell · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In humans, one of the X chromosomes in genetic females is inactivated by a process called X chromosome inactivation (XCI). Variation in XCI across the placenta may contribute to observed sex differences and variability in pregnancy outcomes. However, XCI has predominantly been studied in human adult tissues. Here, we sequenced and analyzed DNA and RNA from two locations from 30 full-term pregnancies. Implementing an allele-specific approach to examine XCI, we report evidence that XCI in the human placenta is patchy, with large patches of either maternal or paternal X chromosomes inactivated. Further, using similar measurements, we show that this is in contrast to adult tissues, which generally exhibit mosaic X inactivation, where bulk samples exhibit both maternal and paternal X chromosome expression. Further, by comparing skewed samples in placenta and adult tissues, we identify genes that are uniquely inactivated or expressed in the placenta compared with adult tissues, highlighting the need for tissue-specific maps of XCI.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.