ArticleFrontiers in oncology2022
Cutaneous Breast Cancer Metastasis Is Effectively Treated With Intralesional Interleukin-2 and Imiquimod: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical TLR7 agonist and radiotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals novel targets for personalized medicine across seven metastatic breast cancer subtypes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Polylactic- Glycolic Acid Microparticles-Encapsulated Prostaglandin E1 as A Novel Strategy In Triple Negative Breast Cancer.ChemistryOpen · 2025Article
- Targeted intra-tumoral hyperthermia using uniquely biocompatible gold nanorods induces strong immunogenic cell death in two immunogenically 'cold' tumor models.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer affecting women worldwide and is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in females. While many women are diagnosed with early-stage disease, a subset of women may present with isolated cutaneous metastases or recurrent locoregional cutaneous metastatic disease. There is a paucity of evidence for effective treatments for cutaneous breast cancer metastases. Herein, we present a case of hormone receptor negative, HER2 positive cutaneous breast cancer metastasis treated with intralesional IL-2 and topical imiquimod, which was well tolerated with only minor low grade side effects. We also present a brief literature review of immunotherapy for cutaneous breast cancer metastasis to frame the discussion around using minimally invasive local therapies for this disease. Together, this limited data suggests that intralesional IL-2 and imiquimod may be considered as a safe option when treating a patient with cutaneous breast cancer metastases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.