ArticleFrontiers in medicine2022
Gender Differences in Levodopa Pharmacokinetics in Levodopa-Naïve Patients With Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- How well is the female population represented in clinical trials with infusion therapies for Parkinson's disease? A systematic review and metanalysis.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in alpha-synucleinopathies: a systematic review.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- The effects of safinamide according to gender in Chinese parkinsonian patients.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Serum aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase activity as a biomarker for prodromal and manifest Parkinson's disease.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Evidence and Tradition in Dialogue: Biological Sex Variability in Phytomedicine Research as a Foundation for Safety, Efficacy, and Robust Evidence Standards.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- No New Relevant Treatment Options for L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia from a Clinician's Point of View.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Opicapone in Parkinson's disease: a real-world, multicenter, retrospective study to identify patient characteristics for sustained treatment benefit.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Biological sex differences in pharmacokinetics and adverse drug reactions.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Microbial Metabolism of Levodopa as an Adjunct Therapeutic Target in Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Differentiating between the impact of sex and gender in Parkinson's disease: utilising these to advance current understanding and care practices.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Sex differences in levodopa pharmacokinetics in early Parkinson's disease: implications on levodopa-related complications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Gender Is the Main Predictor of Wearing-Off and Dyskinesia in Levodopa-Naïve Patients with Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Observational
- A sex- and gender-informed future for Parkinson's disease care.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- A phase I study to evaluate the effect of high-dose carbidopa on levodopa pharmacokinetics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Gender differences in prescribing patterns for patients with Parkinson's disease in Japan: a retrospective observational study using insurance claims databases.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Levodopa-induced motor complications associated with benserazide and carbidopa in Parkinson's disease: a disproportionality analysis of the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Advanced Parkinson's disease treatment patterns in Italy: an observational study interim analysis.Annals of medicine · 2024Observational
- Sex difference in human diseases: mechanistic insights and clinical implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Levodopa (LD) is the most effective drug in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Unfortunately, prolonged use of LD leads to complications, mainly motor/non-motor fluctuations (MNMF) and dyskinesias (DYS). Women seem more prone to develop such LD-related complications. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of prospective studies examining gender-related predictors of MNMF and DYS. Among several factors, which concur with a very complex scenario, changes in LD pharmacokinetics influence the drug's effectiveness. The present study aimed to assess gender-related differences in LD pharmacokinetics in patients with PD at their first-ever intake of LD. Materials and Methods: This is a multicentric study enrolling patients with PD, who were LD-naïve and received a single dose of LD/benserazide (100/25 mg) formulation. All participants gave their written informed consent, and the study was approved by the local Ethics Committees. To measure plasma LD concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, Cmax, Tmax, Results: Thirty-five patients (16 women and 19 men) were consecutively enrolled. Area under curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were significantly higher in women than men ( Conclusion: This study provides novel insights on gender differences in LD pharmacokinetics, possibly contributing to the later development of motor complications and dyskinesia in PD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.