ArticleEvolution, medicine, and public health2022
Bet-hedging in innate and adaptive immune systems.
Article in Evolution, medicine, and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phage host range: determinants, dynamics and applications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Lactic Acid Bacteria with Probiotic Potential Regulating Macrophages: Mechanisms, Regulatory Features, and Clinical Applications.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Monocyte Lineage Expansion Drives Transcriptomic Individuality in Genetically Identical Armadillo Quadruplets.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Host-associated beneficial gut microbiota boosts induced immunity and limits immune deployment costs in bumblebees.The Journal of animal ecology · 2026Article
- Phage-microbe interactions may contribute to the population structure and dynamics of hydrothermal vent symbionts.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Parent-Specific Transgenerational Immune Priming Enhances Offspring Defense-Unless Heat Stress Negates It All.Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Immune system evolution is shaped by the fitness costs and trade-offs associated with mounting an immune response. Costs that arise mainly as a function of the magnitude of investment, including energetic and immunopathological costs, are well-represented in studies of immune system evolution. Less well considered, however, are the costs of immune cell plasticity and specialization. Hosts in nature encounter a large diversity of microbes and parasites that require different and sometimes conflicting immune mechanisms for defense, but it takes precious time to recognize and correctly integrate signals for an effective polarized response. In this perspective, we propose that bet-hedging can be a viable alternative to plasticity in immune cell effector function, discuss conditions under which bet-hedging is likely to be an advantageous strategy for different arms of the immune system, and present cases from both innate and adaptive immune systems that suggest bet-hedging at play.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.