ArticleHeliyon2022
Development and validation of 21-item outcome inventory (OI-21).
Article in Heliyon, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- Psychometric properties of the Burmese version of Self-Stigma Scale: A study among older Myanmar migrants in Thailand.Narra J · 2026Article
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- Association between pet ownership and mental health in university students with borderline personality disorder symptoms.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Psychosocial predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms among self-initiated older Chinese migrants: evidence from Chiang Mai, Thailand.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Article
- Synergistic effects of Buddhist five precepts and death contemplation on inner strengths and mental health in elderly Thai meditators.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Biopsychosocial determinants of anxiety and depression among working mothers in China: A public mental health perspective.Narra J · 2025Article
- Death contemplation and mental well-being in elderly Thai Buddhist meditation practitioners.Narra J · 2025Article
- The Mediating Role of Inner Strength in the Relationship Between Biological Factors and Depressive Symptoms.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Death recollection moderates stress-influenced depression in Thai boarding school students.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Depression and Associated Factors Among Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Depression and Associated Factors Among Diabetic Patients Undergoing Diabetic Retinopathy Assessments at a Tertiary Care Center: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Buddha image meditation is a potent predictor for mental health outcomes: A cross-sectional study among Thai high-school students.PloS one · 2025Article
- Inner strengths as buffers against the impact of insecure attachment on depressive symptoms in working women.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Feelings of Emptiness and Self-Harm Among Thai Patients Exhibiting Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms: The Mediating Role of the Inner Strengths.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- Social Anxiety among Middle-Aged Teachers in Secondary Education Schools.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Article
- Depression and Its Associated Factors among Undergraduate Engineering Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Thailand.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Factors Associated with Depression in Infertile Couples: A Study in Thailand.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Mediating Role of Precepts and Meditation on Attachment and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Outcome measurement is important for monitoring patients' progress. The study aimed to develop an outcome inventory (OI) for clinical use in routine practice in psychiatric services and to examine the psychometric properties of the newly developed OI. Methods: 48 items measuring anxiety, depression, interpersonal difficulties, and somatization were collected. Factor analysis was used to reduce the number of items. The final OI consisting of 21 items was then examined for psychometric properties among 1302 participants, 880 were nonclinical and 422 clinical patients. Tests included confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and diagnostic ability for major depression. Responsiveness was compared between baseline and 3-month follow-up. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the OI-21 demonstrated the designated four components. Cronbach's alpha was good to excellent for all subjects with good test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, convergent and discriminant validity. It demonstrated area under the ROC curve of 0.89 indicating good diagnostic performance. Sensitivity to change after 3 months was observed in both types of treatment. However, interpersonal difficulties were sensitive to change in those receiving additional psychotherapy. Conclusion: OI-21 demonstrated its validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change. It constitutes a promising tool for outcome assessment in nonclinical populations and among psychiatric patients.
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