ArticleDisease markers2022
Identification of Gene-Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients-An Integrated Bioinformatics Approach.
Article in Disease markers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2023-09-14Concerns/Issues about Data · Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions · Concerns/Issues about Peer Review · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The human tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) has been found to be associated with at least 20 autoimmune diseases; however, its tumor-regulating role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) has not been researched by using an integrative bioinformatics approach, yet. Objective: To investigate the regulating mechanisms of the TYK2 gene in HNSC in terms of its expression pattern, prognostic values, involved biological functions, and implication of tumor immunity. Methods: The TYK2 gene expression pattern and regulatory involvement in HNSC were investigated using publically accessible data from TCGA database. R software tools and public web servers were utilized to conduct statistical analysis on cancer and noncancerous samples. Results: TYK2 was found to be significantly upregulated in HNSC samples compared with healthy control samples. The expression of TYK2 gene was shown to be associated with the prognosis of HNSC by showing its upregulation represented better survival outcome. The regulating role of TYK2 in HNSC was found mainly in several pathways including DNA replication, base excision repair, apoptosis, p53 signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results showed that TYK2-significantly correlated genes were mainly enriched in several biological functional terms including cell cycle, DNA replication, PLK1 pathway, ATR pathway, and Rho GTPase pathway. In addition, TYK2 was found to be involved in tumor immunity, showing positive correlation with the majority of tumor infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoint genes, and significant representative components of tumor microenvironment, according to the ESTIMATE-Stromal-Immune score. Conclusions: Given the dysregulation, prognostic values, regulating tumor progression-related pathways, and the tumor immune-modulatory role of TYK2 in HNSC, the TYK2 gene should be regarded as a potential therapeutic target in treating head and neck cancer.
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Registered trials
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