ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2022
Hormone therapy and the decreased risk of dementia in women with depression: a population-based cohort study.
Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression and anxiety in vascular dementia: an update.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Associations of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy with incident dementia risk: a population-based cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Reproductive lifespan and hormonal therapy in relation to later-life neurovascular health: A population-based study of women in the Gothenburg H70-1944 Birth Cohort.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Emotional and cognitive effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Hormonal contraception and mental health: a narrative review of screening, monitoring, and patient-centered care for family physicians.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- The Role and Mechanism of Estrogen in Perimenopausal Depression.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Association between depression and young-onset dementia in middle-aged women.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Association between Female Reproductive Factors and Risk of Dementia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Radiomic features of the hippocampal based on magnetic resonance imaging in the menopausal mouse model linked to neuronal damage and cognitive deficits.Brain imaging and behavior · 2024Article
- Endocrine Dyscrasia in the Etiology and Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- Estrogen fluctuations during the menopausal transition are a risk factor for depressive disorders.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2023Review
- Understanding human aging and the fundamental cell signaling link in age-related diseases: the middle-aging hypovascularity hypoxia hypothesis.Frontiers in aging · 2023Article
- Hormonal contraception and risk for cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in young women: a scoping review of the evidence.Frontiers in global women's health · 2023Article
- Sex-specific transcriptional rewiring in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe literature has shown depression to be associated with an increased risk of dementia. In addition, hormone therapy can be a responsive treatment option for a certain type of depression. In this study, we examined the association between hormone therapy, including lifetime oral contraceptive (OC) use, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after menopause with the occurrence of dementia among female patients with depression.
methodsThe South Korean national claims data from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2018, was used. Female subjects aged 40 years or older with depression were included in the analyses. Information on hormone therapy was identified from health examination data and followed up for the occurrence of dementia during the average follow-up period of 7.72 years.
resultsAmong 209,588 subjects, 23,555 were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 3023 with vascular dementia (VD). Lifetime OC usage was associated with a decreased risk of AD (OC use for < 1 year: HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.88-0.97]; OC use for ≥ 1 year: HR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.84-0.94]), and HRT after menopause was associated with a decreased risk of AD (HRT for < 2 years: HR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.79-0.89]; HRT for 2-5 years: HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.74-0.88]; and HRT for ≥ 5 years : HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.71-0.85]) and VD (HRT < 2 years: HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.71-0.96]; HRT for 2-5 years: HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.64-1.02]; and HRT for ≥ 5 years: HR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.47-0.79]).
conclusionsIn this nationwide cohort study, lifetime OC use was associated with a decreased risk of AD, and HRT after menopause was associated with a decreased risk of AD and VD among female patients with depression. However, further studies are needed to establish causality.
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