ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2022
Darting across space and time: parametric modulators of sex-biased conditioned fear responses.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Amygdalostriatal transition zone neurons encode sustained cue responses to guide defensive behaviors.Neuron · 2026Article
- Rats use darting as a strategy to navigate between reward and safety during platform-mediated active avoidance under different social contexts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sex-specific increased reactivity of the PVT and prolonged PVT→CeA circuit engagement following psilocin administration.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Darting during platform-mediated avoidance in male and female rats is spatially organized between reward and safety locations.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- A novel role for the infralimbic cortex in conditioned fear responding.Oxford open neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sex-specific exploration accounts for differences in valence learning in male and female mice.eLife · 2025Article
- The prelimbic prefrontal cortex mediates the development of lasting social avoidance as a consequence of social threat conditioning.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Safety learning during adolescence facilitates fear regulation in adult mice.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Article
- Generalization and extinction of platform-mediated avoidance in male and female rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhanced fear extinction through infralimbic perineuronal net digestion: The modulatory role of adolescent alcohol exposure.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Effects of sex and estrous cycle on action-outcome contingencies.Behavioural brain research · 2025Article
- Sex-specific fear acquisition following early life stress is linked to amygdala and hippocampal purine and glutamate metabolism.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Contributions of associative and non-associative learning to the dynamics of defensive ethograms.eLife · 2024Article
- Behavioral and neural correlates of diverse conditioned fear responses in male and female rats.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Enhanced Fear Extinction Through Infralimbic Perineuronal Net Digestion: The Modulatory Role of Adolescent Alcohol Exposure.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Renewal of conditioned fear in male and female rats.Behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Contributions of associative and non-associative learning to the dynamics of defensive ethograms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Ethograms reveal a fear conditioned visual cue to organize diverse behaviors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Dual-step pharmacological intervention for traumatic-like memories: implications from D-cycloserine and cannabidiol or clonidine in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pavlovian fear conditioning is a widely used behavioral paradigm for studying associative learning in rodents. Despite early recognition that subjects may engage in a variety of both conditioned and unconditioned responses, the last several decades have seen the field narrow its focus to measure freezing as the sole indicator of conditioned fear. We previously reported that female rats were more likely than males to engage in darting, an escape-like conditioned response that is associated with heightened shock reactivity. To determine how experimental parameters contribute to the frequency of darting in both males and females, we manipulated factors such as chamber size, shock intensity, and number of trials. To better capture fear-related behavioral repertoires in our animals, we developed ScaredyRat, an open-source custom Python tool that analyzes Noldus Ethovision-generated raw data files to identify darters and quantify both conditioned and unconditioned responses. We found that, like freezing, conditioned darting occurrences scale with experimental alterations. While most darting occurs in females, we found that with an extended training protocol, darting can emerge in males as well. Collectively, our data suggest that darting reflects a behavioral switch in conditioned responding that is a product of an individual animal's sex, shock reactivity, and experimental parameters, underscoring the need for careful consideration of sex as a biological variable in classic learning paradigms.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.