Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2022
Guided, internet based, cognitive behavioural therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial (RAPID).
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Doing the groundwork at home, working through it together: patient experiences of blended cognitive therapy for PTSD in routine care.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Trial
- Brief Web-Based Psychological Intervention for Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Trial
- Mind the gap: a nested randomised pilot study of culturally inclusive, internet-delivered prolonged exposure for PTSD among immigrants.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Trial
- Therapist-assisted online psychological therapies differing in trauma focus for post-traumatic stress disorder (STOP-PTSD): a UK-based, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2023Trial
- The acceptability of a guided internet-based trauma-focused self-help programme (Spring) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Trial
- From research to routine care: implementation of guided digital therapy withEuropean journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Internet Cognitive Therapy for Prolonged Grief Disorder (iCT-PG): a developmental case series.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Article
- Efficacy of a hybrid psychoeducational and skills-based therapy (Trauma PORTAL) for adults with PTSD related to childhood interpersonal trauma: a parallel-group, randomised controlled trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Article
- The present and future of blended care: current research and introduction to the B-FIT framework.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Review
- Evaluation of SHAPE cognitive therapy coaching for PTSD and depression symptoms in healthcare workers repeatedly exposed to trauma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- When means and standard deviations are an incomplete summary of a continuous variable: problems, solutions, and utilising the reference ranges to check normality.BMJ medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- The impact of trauma and how to intervene: a narrative review of psychotraumatology over the past 15 years.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Helpful but not enough: exploring participants' experiences of a digital therapist-guided prolonged exposure treatment for PTSD.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Feasibility and acceptability of remote technologies for the treatment of trauma- and stressor-related disorders in adults: mixed-methods systematic review.BJPsych open · 2025Review
- Review
- PTSD course and predictors in a 15 year longitudinal cohort following suspected serious injury.Npj mental health research · 2025Article
- The role of self-efficacy in internet-based interventions for mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Internet interventions · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine if guided internet based cognitive behavioural therapy with a trauma focus (CBT-TF) is non-inferior to individual face-to-face CBT-TF for mild to moderate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to one traumatic event.
designPragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial (RAPID).
settingPrimary and secondary mental health settings across the UK's NHS.
participants196 adults with a primary diagnosis of mild to moderate PTSD were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to one of two interventions, with 82% retention at 16 weeks and 71% retention at 52 weeks. 19 participants and 10 therapists were purposively sampled and interviewed for evaluation of the process.
interventionsUp to 12 face-to-face, manual based, individual CBT-TF sessions, each lasting 60-90 minutes; or guided internet based CBT-TF with an eight step online programme, with up to three hours of contact with a therapist and four brief telephone calls or email contacts between sessions.
main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5) at 16 weeks after randomisation (diagnosis of PTSD based on the criteria of the
resultsNon-inferiority was found at the primary endpoint of 16 weeks on the CAPS-5 (mean difference 1.01, one sided 95% confidence interval -∞ to 3.90, non-inferiority P=0.012). Improvements in CAPS-5 score of more than 60% in the two groups were maintained at 52 weeks, but the non-inferiority results were inconclusive in favour of face-to-face CBT-TF at this time point (3.20, -∞ to 6.00, P=0.15). Guided internet based CBT-TF was significantly (P<0.001) cheaper than face-to-face CBT-TF and seemed to be acceptable and well tolerated by participants. The main themes of the qualitative analysis were facilitators and barriers to engagement with guided internet based CBT-TF, treatment outcomes, and considerations for its future implementation.
conclusionsGuided internet based CBT-TF for mild to moderate PTSD to one traumatic event was non-inferior to individual face-to-face CBT-TF and should be considered a first line treatment for people with this condition.
trial registrationISRCTN13697710.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.