Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2022
A randomized clinical trial of the effects of brief versus extended opioid overdose education on naloxone utilization outcomes by individuals with opioid use disorder.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Organizational perspectives on the impacts of scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution in Kentucky.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Trial
- National review of state laws on opioid antagonists in Kindergarten-12th grade schools across the United States.Harm reduction journal · 2026Review
- The effects of vaped cannabis on the severity of naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- From fairytale to clinical practice: A response to commentaries.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- A scoping review of interventions addressing social determinants of health and their influence on opioid use disorder outcomes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Missouri naloxone distribution 2017-2023: Evaluation and implications of applying a naloxone saturation model.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- A systematic review of macro-, meso, and micro-level harm reduction interventions addressing the U.S. opioid overdose epidemic.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution in Kentucky: adoption and reach achieved through a "hub with many spokes" model.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Article
- The subjective experience of heroin effects among individuals with chronic opioid use: Revisiting reinforcement in an exploratory study.Addiction neuroscience · 2022Article
- Implementing a "Naloxone Hub With Many Spokes" Model in Kentucky: Partner Agency Perspectives on Implementation Strategies.Implementation research and practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOverdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) trains people who use opioids (PWUO) in how to intervene in cases of opioid overdose but best practices have not been assessed empirically.
methodsPWUO along with a significant other (SO) were randomized to one of three training conditions. In the Treatment-as-Usual (TAU) condition, participants were randomized to receive minimal overdose-related education. In the extended training (ET) condition, PWUO received an extended training, while their SO received no overdose training. In the final condition, both the participant and SO received the extended overdose training (ETwSO). Outcome measures were naloxone use and overdose knowledge and competency assessed immediately before and after training, and at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month timepoints following training.
resultsThree hundred and twenty-one PWUO (w/ a SO) were randomized. All intensities of OD training were associated with sustained increases in OD knowledge/ competency (versus pre-training baseline p's < 0.01). PWUO intervened in 166 ODs. The 12-month incidence of naloxone use did not significantly differ between groups. Extended training (ET + ETwSO) compared to TAU resulted in significantly greater naloxone utilization by: 30 days (10.1% vs 4.1%, p = 0.041), 60 days (16.4% vs 5.2%, p<0.001) and 90 days (17.9% vs 9.5%, p = 0.039).
conclusionsAll intensities of OD training were associated with sustained increases in OD knowledge and competency, and equivalent rates of successful naloxone use. More extensive training increased naloxone utilization during the first 3 months. However, the benefits of more comprehensive training should be balanced against feasibility.
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