ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Social and genetic associations with educational performance in a Scandinavian welfare state.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming attenuation bias in regressions using polygenic indices.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- The Sociogenomics of Social Stratification and General Theories of Inequality.The British journal of sociology · 2026Article
- Genetic associations with education have increased and are patterned by socioeconomic context: Evidence from 3 studies born 1946-1970.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Polygenic Scores of Executive Function Provide Limited Support for Genetic Confounding With Socio-Economic Measures.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2025Article
- Transparency in epidemiological analyses of cohort data a case study of the Norwegian mother, father, and child cohort study (MoBa).BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Raising the Floor? Genetic Influences on Educational Attainment Through the Lens of the Evolving Swedish Welfare State.Behavior genetics · 2025Article
- Gene-environment interactions in the influence of maternal education on adolescent neurodevelopment using ABCD study.Science advances · 2024Article
- The Geneticization of Education and Its Bioethical Implications.Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees · 2024Article
- Parental education and children's depression, anxiety, and ADHD traits, a within-family study in MoBa.NPJ science of learning · 2024Article
- Gene-environment pathways to cognitive intelligence and psychotic-like experiences in children.eLife · 2024Article
- Literary tastes are as heritable as other human phenotypes: Evidence from twins' library borrowing.PloS one · 2024Article
- Social Background Effects on Educational Outcomes-New Insights from Modern Genetic Science.Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie · 2024Article
- Intergenerational effects of parental educational attainment on parenting and childhood educational outcomes: Evidence from MoBa using within-family Mendelian randomization.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- A population-wide gene-environment interaction study on how genes, schools, and residential areas shape achievement.NPJ science of learning · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent research has suggested that across Western developed societies, the influence of genetics on educational outcomes is relatively constant. However, the degree to which family environment matters varies, such that countries with high levels of intergenerational mobility have weaker associations of family background. Research in this vein has relied on twin-based estimates, which involve variance decomposition, so direct assessment of the association of genes and environments is not possible. In the present study, we approach the question by directly measuring the impact of child genotype, parental genetic nurture, and parental realized education on educational achievement in primary and secondary school. We deploy data from a social democratic context (Norway) and contrast our findings with those derived from more liberal welfare state contexts. Results point to genetics only confounding the relationship between parent status and offspring achievement to a small degree. Genetic nurture associations are similar to those in other societies. We find no, or very small, gene-environment interactions and parent-child genotype interactions with respect to test scores. In sum, in a Scandinavian welfare state context, both genetic and environmental associations are of similar magnitude as in societies with less-robust efforts to mitigate the influence of family background.
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