ReviewJournal of animal science2022
Biological sex: an understudied factor driving disease susceptibility in pigs.
Review in Journal of animal science, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regular outdoor access decreases stress with positive effects on the health of growing pigs raised on a conventional farm.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sexually Dimorphic Effect of Environmental Enrichment and Weaning on Stress in Piglets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- An injectable, expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Description of metabolic differences between castrated males and intact gilts obtained from high-throughput metabolomics of porcine plasma.Journal of animal science · 2025Article
- General commentary: sexual dimorphism for juvenile body weight in lines of chickens selected for 8-week body weight.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Dose-Sparing Epigraph Vaccine against H3 Swine Influenza A Virus.Vaccines · 2024Article
- siRNA-mediated reduction of a circulating protein in swine using lipid nanoparticles.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Early weaning and biological sex shape long-term immune and metabolic responses in pigs.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biological sex is a major host factor influencing risk for infectious disease-associated mortality, and chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Research in human and rodent models -has revealed sex differences that exist across organ systems during health and disease that may contribute to sex biases in disease risk. Despite the robust and growing literature on the role of sex as a risk factor in human disease, comparatively little attention has been focused on investigating the role of biological sex in disease susceptibility in agriculturally important animal populations such as the pig. To date, comparisons between sexes have focused on carcass composition, growth rate, and feed efficiency in pigs. However, there is a large gap in the literature regarding the effects of biological sex on other integral aspects of health and disease. The objective of this review is to highlight the available literature reporting sex differences in pig health and biology with an emphasis on sex differences in mortality, immunity, and gastrointestinal (GI) physiology and to address biological sex as a significant biological variable in disease risk and research study design. A basic overview of the biology of sex differences including the major hormonal and genetic/chromosomal mechanisms of sexual differentiation and the developmental periods in which sex differences emerge will be covered. This review will also discuss how production-relevant management and environmental factors (e.g., wean age, castration, stress, and nutrition) interact with biological sex to shape host immune and GI development and function. Perceived gaps in knowledge and areas of future research will also be discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.