Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35707356›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in oncology2022

The Effect of Tumor Characteristics and Location on the Extent of Lymph Node Metastases of Head and Neck Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Bram van Leer, Alet J G Leus, Boukje A C van Dijk, Marloes S van Kester, Gyorgy B Halmos, Gilles F H Diercks, Bert van der Vegt, Jeroen Vister, Emoke Rácz, Boudewijn E C Plaat

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 33% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. [Ultrasound of the neck].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Bram van LeerDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Alet J G LeusDepartment of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Boukje A C van DijkDepartment of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Marloes S van KesterDepartment of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Gyorgy B HalmosDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Gilles F H DiercksDepartment of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Bert van der VegtDepartment of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Jeroen VisterDepartment of Radiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Emoke RáczDepartment of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Boudewijn E C PlaatDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
University of Groningen · NLUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The extent of a neck dissection for patients with metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNcSCC) is still subject to debate and clear guidelines are lacking. Tumor characteristics like size, differentiation and tumor location are known risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM). There is some evidence that, depending on tumor location, LNM follows a specific pattern. This study aims to identify which tumor characteristics can predict the pattern and extent of LNM. Method: In this cohort study 80 patients were included, who underwent a primary neck dissection for LNM of HNcSCC between 2003 and 2018 at the University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. Retrospective data was collected for primary tumor characteristics and LNM and included surgical and follow-up data. Influence of tumor characteristics on the extent of LNM was analyzed using non-parametric tests. Logistic regression analysis were used to identify a metastasis pattern based on the primary tumor location. Results: Only primary tumor location was associated with the pattern of LNM. HNcSCC of the ear metastasized to level II (OR = 2.6) and the parotid gland (OR = 3.6). Cutaneous lip carcinoma metastasized to ipsilateral and contralateral level I (OR = 5.3). Posterior scalp tumors showed a metastasis pattern to level II (OR = 5.6); level III (OR = 11.2), level IV (OR = 4.7) and the parotid gland (OR = 10.8). Ear canal tumors showed a low risk of LNM for all levels. The extent of LNM was not related to age or any tumor characteristics i.e. tumor diameter, infiltration depth, differentiation grade, perineural growth and vascular invasion. Conclusion: Primary tumor location determines the LNM pattern. Whereas known unfavorable tumor characteristics did not relate to the extent of LNM. Location guided limited neck dissection combined with parotidectomy will treat most patients adequately.

Indexed as

clinical recommendationscutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC)lymph node metastasis (LNM)metastasis patternneck dissection (ND)parotidectomyprimary tumor location (PTL)tumor characteristics

Identifiers

PMID35707356
PMCPMC9190511
OpenAlexW4281901732

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.