ReviewCureus2022
Surgical Complications and Its Grading: A Literature Review.
Review in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Outcomes of intraperitoneal compared to retromuscular mesh placement in ventral incisional hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Pooled it
- Short-term surgical outcomes of robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Pooled it
- Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery versus video-assisted thoracic surgery for patients undergoing lung resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Prehabilitation Outcomes in Surgical Oncology Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Surgery: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Control Trials.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting moderate-to-severe complications following primary tumor resection in metastatic colorectal cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Incidence, severity, and risk factors of early postoperative complications in laryngectomy patients: a retrospective analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- A Critical Review of the Impact of Different Types of Complications on Long-Term Survival After Total Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer: Addressing Methodological Gaps and Clinical Implications.Journal of gastric cancer · 2025Article
- Comparative surgical outcomes of single port SP1098 vs multiport Xi platforms for benign hysterectomy using the validated comprehensive complication index.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
- Optimal timing for cholecystectomy: unveiling insights from a decade-long study on acute cholecystitis and symptomatic cholecystolithiasis.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- Comparison of the perioperative complications of high intensity focused ultrasound vs. laparoscopic surgery for uterine fibroids: a retrospective study.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Preoperative oxidative stress as a biomarker of postoperative complications in colorectal cancer patients.Przeglad gastroenterologiczny · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of WHO Surgical Checklists in Reducing Postoperative Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Analysis of Patient Outcomes following Curative R0 Multiorgan Resections for Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Complications of Surgically Assisted Rapid Maxillary/Palatal Expansion (SARME/SARPE)-A Retrospective Analysis of 185 Cases Treated at a Single Center.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparison analysis of safety outcomes and the rate of subsequent spinal procedures between interspinous spacer without decompression versus minimally invasive lumbar decompression.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence of postoperative complications in oncologic gastro-esophageal surgeries: a cross-sectional study.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2024Observational
- Significant perioperative parameters affecting postoperative complications within 30 days following craniotomy for primary malignant brain tumors.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2023Article
- Digestive cancer surgery in low-mid income countries: analysis of postoperative mortality and complications in a single-center study.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The demand for improvement in healthcare delivery has been increasing. Thus, a standardized method allows quality assessment of data and its comparison between various institutions over time. Many attempts have been made to classify surgical complications before 1990; however, none of those attempts gained popularity and acceptance. Clavien and his colleagues started the wave by explaining negative outcomes on the basis of complications, failure to cure, and sequelae. Complications were primarily defined as "any deviation from the normal postoperative course". Since then, many such classification systems and grading systems have been introduced and studied for analyzing the post-operative complications. The purpose of this study was to review the revolution in the classification systems for surgical complications, its validation, and to analyze the results of various qualitative indicators for post-operative complications obtained by using these classification systems. A global set of keywords were built such as "grading of surgical complications", "abdominal surgery", "classification of surgical complications", and the "Clavien Dindo Classification". A literature review was done using PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. A list of reference articles concerning the literature on classification systems for surgical complications was manually analyzed from the year 1992 and the data was summarized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.