ArticleScientific reports2022
Immuno-reactive cancer organoid model to assess effects of the microbiome on cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiome and Response to Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.Oncology research · 2026Pooled it
- Modulation of the response to immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: the role of the microbiota and microbial metabolites in the tumor microenvironment.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel Systems for Breast Cancer Therapy: Advances in Targeted Delivery and Tumor Microenvironment Modulation.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Can Complex 3D Models Effectively Replace 2D and Animal Models to Investigate the Microbe-Tumor-Immune Axis in Pancreatic Cancer Studies?Nutrients · 2026Review
- Tracking fungal pathogens on cancer: Oncomicrobes or opportunistic bystanders?PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Microbiota-derived metabolites as modulators of cancer immunotherapy response.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Deciphering the intratumor microbiota in malignant gastrointestinal tumors: multifaceted interplay and clinical implications.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Tumor organoid-immune cell co-culture systems for precision oncology.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Engineering immune-competent niches: strategies, applications, and translational hurdles in ovarian cancer organoid models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Innovative engineering approaches to model host-microbiome interactions in vitro.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
- Research progress and application status of organoid in breast cancer subtypes.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Review
- Applications of Hydrogels in Emergency Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Modeling intratumor heterogeneity in breast cancer.Biofabrication · 2024Review
- Non-small cell lung cancer organoids: Advances and challenges in current applications.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2024Article
- Unveiling the functional roles of patient-derived tumour organoids in assessing the tumour microenvironment and immunotherapy.Clinical and translational medicine · 2024Review
- Advanced Hydrogels in Breast Cancer Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Knockout cancer by nano-delivered immunotherapy using perfusion-aided scaffold-based tumor-on-a-chip.Nanotheranostics · 2024Review
- Impact of KRAS mutation on the tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Immune-reactive tumor organoids system to determine the effects of microbial metabolites on cancer immunity and immunotherapies.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2024Article
- Advancing Organoid Engineering for Tissue Regeneration and Biofunctional Reconstruction.Biomaterials research · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has demonstrated good efficacy in many cancer types. In cancers such as non-resectable advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), it has recently been approved as a promising treatment. However, clinical data shows overall response rates (ORRs) from ~ 3-40% in breast cancer patients, depending on subtype, previous treatments, and mutation status. Composition of the host-microbiome has a significant role in cancer development and therapeutic responsiveness. Some bacterial families are conducive to oncogenesis and progression, while others aid innate and therapeutically induced anti-tumor immunity. Modeling microbiome effects on anti-tumor immunity in ex vivo systems is challenging, forcing the use of in vivo models, making it difficult to dissect direct effects on immune cells from combined effects on tumor and immune cells. We developed a novel immune-enhanced tumor organoid (iTO) system to study factors affecting ICB response. Using the 4T1 TNBC murine cell line and matched splenocytes, we demonstrated ICB-induced response. Further administration of bacterial-derived metabolites from species found in the immunomodulatory host-microbiome significantly increased ICB-induced apoptosis of tumor cells and altered immune cell receptor expression. These outcomes represent a method to isolate individual factors that alter ICB response and streamline the study of microbiome effects on ICB efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.