SynthesisBMJ open2022
Can incentives improve antipsychotic adherence in major mental illness? A mixed-methods systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review: Systematic review and meta-analysis - financial incentives increase engagement with parenting programs for disruptive behavior problems.Child and adolescent mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Financial incentives and long-acting injectable antipsychotics engagement: community mental health professionals' perspectives.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Types of Medication Non-adherence & Approaches to Enhance Medication Adherence in Mental Health Disorders: A Narrative Review.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2024Review
- Evaluating a Mobile App Supporting Evidence-Based Parenting Skills: Thematic Analysis of Parent Experience.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2024Article
- Post Hospitalization Clinical Quality Outcomes Among US Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with a Long-Acting Injectable or Switched to a New Oral Antipsychotic: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Drugs - real world outcomes · 2024Article
- BrainSwarming, blockchain, and bioethics: applying Innovation Enhancing Techniques to healthcare and research.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Take patients seriously when they say financial incentives help with adherence.BJPsych bulletin · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesIncentives have been effectively used in several healthcare contexts. This systematic review aimed to ascertain whether incentives can improve antipsychotic adherence, what ethical and practical issues arise and whether existing evidence resolves these issues.
designSystematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO. Searches on 13 January 2021 (no start date) found papers on incentives for antipsychotics. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, qualitative research and ethical analyses were included. Papers measuring impact on adherence were synthesised, then a typology of ethical and policy issues was compiled, finally the empirical literature was compared with this typology to describe current evidence and identify remaining research questions.
results26 papers were included. 2 RCTs used contingent financial incentives for long-acting injectable antipsychotic preparations. Over 12 months, there were significantly larger increases in adherence among the intervention groups versus control groups in both RCTs. There were no consistently positive secondary outcomes. 39 ethical and practical issues were identified. 12 of these are amenable to empirical study but have not been researched and for 7 the current evidence is mixed.
conclusionsIn keeping with other areas of healthcare, antipsychotic adherence can be increased with financial incentives. Payments of 2.5 times minimum wage changed behaviour. The typology of issues reported in this systematic review provides a template for future policy and ethical analysis. The persistence of the effect and the impact of incentives on intrinsic motivation require further research. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020222702.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.