ArticleSoft robotics2023
3D Printed Acoustically Programmable Soft Microactuators.
Article in Soft robotics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ultrasound-driven electronically programmable microbubbles.Science advances · 2026Article
- Harvesting environmental circadian oscillations for energy autonomy of soft robots.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Acoustic resonators as wireless actuators in air for small-scale robots.Science advances · 2026Article
- Machine learning-driven design of engineered cilia enables hybrid operations in acoustic microrobots.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Reconfigurable Acoustofluidic Microvortices for Selective Microcargo Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Acoustic shape-morphing micromachines.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-driven programmable artificial muscles.Nature · 2025Article
- Vat Photopolymerization of Smart Polymers for Biomedical Applications.ACS applied polymer materials · 2025Review
- State of the Art in Actuation of Micro/Nanorobots for Biomedical Applications.Small science · 2024Article
- SonoTransformers: Transformable acoustically activated wireless microscale machines.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The concept of creating all-mechanical soft microrobotic systems has great potential to address outstanding challenges in biomedical applications, and introduce more sustainable and multifunctional products. To this end, magnetic fields and light have been extensively studied as potential energy sources. On the other hand, coupling the response of materials to pressure waves has been overlooked despite the abundant use of acoustics in nature and engineering solutions. In this study, we show that programmed commands can be contained on 3D nanoprinted polymer systems with the introduction of selectively excited air bubbles and rationally designed compliant mechanisms. A repertoire of micromechanical systems is engineered using experimentally validated computational models that consider the effects of primary and secondary pressure fields on entrapped air bubbles and the surrounding fluid. Coupling the dynamics of bubble oscillators reveals rich acoustofluidic interactions that can be programmed in space and time. We prescribe kinematics by harnessing the forces generated through these interactions to deform structural elements, which can be remotely reconfigured on demand with the incorporation of mechanical switches. These basic actuation and analog control modules will serve as the building blocks for the development of a novel class of micromechanical systems powered and programmed by acoustic signals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.