ArticleSports medicine - open2022
Urinary Incontinence Among Elite Track and Field Athletes According to Their Event Specialization: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Sports medicine - open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06014021 (Treatment of Urinary Incontinence and Other Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions in Female Athletes), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Treatment of Urinary Incontinence and Other Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions in Female Athletes
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female Saudi athletes' awareness of the importance of pelvic floor muscle exercises to prevent pelvic floor dysfunction: a cross-sectional online survey.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Association between pelvic floor care practices and symptoms in female track and field athletes: a cross-sectional study.Gynecology and pelvic medicine · 2026Article
- Association between body fat distribution and female stress urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study with the NHANES 2011-2018.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- An online workshop to raise awareness of pelvic floor in track and field female athletes: a quasi-experimental study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Nearly half of 325 athletes reported pelvic floor symptoms: a cross-sectional study at the Lima 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Female Professional Soccer Players by Category and Specific Position: A Comparative Study with a Control Group.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Symptomatology and knowledge regarding pelvic floor dysfunctions and influence of gender stereotypes in female athletes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Training Characteristics, Performance, and Body Composition of Three U23 Elite Female Triathletes throughout a Season.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Is the Elite Female Athlete's Pelvic Floor Stronger?Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Stress urinary incontinence prevalence and risk factors in female rugby players: a common health problem across four nations.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2024Article
- Acute Effect of a Half-Marathon over the Muscular Function and Electromyographic Activity of the Pelvic Floor in Female Runners with or without Urinary Incontinence: A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPhysical effort in sports practice is an important trigger for urinary incontinence (UI). Among high-impact sports, all track and field events require continuous ground impacts and/or abdominal contractions that increase intra-abdominal pressure and impact on the pelvic floor musculature. However, studies to date have not taken into account the specific sports tasks that elite track and field athletes perform according to the competitive events for which they are training.
methodsThis cross-sectional study describes the prevalence, type, and severity of UI among elite track and field athletes considering their event specialization and training characteristics. A total of 211 female and 128 male elite track and field athletes answered an online questionnaire including anthropometric measures, medical history, training characteristics, and UI symptoms. To determine self-reported UI, the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-UI Short-Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) was used. To determine UI type and severity, the incontinence questionnaire and incontinence severity index were used, respectively.
resultsThe ICIQ-UI-SF showed that 51.7% of female and 18.8% of male athletes had UI, with stress UI (SUI) being the most frequent type (64.4%) for female and urge UI for male athletes (52.9%). Of athletes who were not identified as having UI according to the questionnaires, 24.6% of female and 13.6% of male athletes experienced urine leakage during training, mainly during jumping. Although training characteristics (experience, volume, and resting) were not related to UI, female athletes specializing in vertical jumps showed significantly lower UI prevalence compared to those specializing in horizontal jumps (χ
conclusionsOver half of the elite track and field female athletes have self-reported UI, especially SUI, and prevalence is higher when considering urine leakage events during training. Training characteristics and specialization were not related to UI identified by questionnaires, but female athletes specializing in vertical jump events showed the lowest prevalence and training volume. Males showed significantly lower prevalence, without correlation with their specialization. Sport professionals should increase UI detection among elite athletes and design-specific approaches that consider their physical demands to make visible, prevent, or improve pelvic floor dysfunction in this population.
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