Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35702380›Full record

ArticleNAR genomics and bioinformatics2022

Contrastive learning on protein embeddings enlightens midnight zone.

Michael Heinzinger, Maria Littmann, Ian Sillitoe, Nicola Bordin, Christine Orengo, Burkhard Rost

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NAR genomics and bioinformatics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Contrastive learning unites sequence and structure in a global representation of protein space.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
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  9. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Computational function prediction of bacteria and phage proteins.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025
    Review
  13. SPACE: STRING proteins as complementary embeddings.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Protein Structural Phylogenetics.Genome biology and evolution · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. GOBeacon: An ensemble model for protein function prediction enhanced by contrastive learning.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Michael HeinzingerTUM (Technical University of Munich) Dept Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology - i12, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching/Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9601-3580
Maria LittmannTUM (Technical University of Munich) Dept Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology - i12, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching/Munich, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-8163
Ian SillitoeInstitute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-9144
Nicola BordinInstitute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6568-9035
Christine OrengoInstitute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Burkhard RostTUM (Technical University of Munich) Dept Informatics, Bioinformatics & Computational Biology - i12, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching/Munich, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Experimental structures are leveraged through multiple sequence alignments, or more generally through homology-based inference (HBI), facilitating the transfer of information from a protein with known annotation to a query without any annotation. A recent alternative expands the concept of HBI from sequence-distance lookup to embedding-based annotation transfer (EAT). These embeddings are derived from protein Language Models (pLMs). Here, we introduce using single protein representations from pLMs for contrastive learning. This learning procedure creates a new set of embeddings that optimizes constraints captured by hierarchical classifications of protein 3D structures defined by the CATH resource. The approach, dubbed

Identifiers

PMID35702380
PMCPMC9188115

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.