ArticleBMC geriatrics2022
Older adults' facial characteristics compared to young adults' in correlation with edentulism: a cross sectional study.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stem cell-driven biomedical technologies for tooth regeneration: engineering scaffolds, organoid models, and molecular targeted strategies.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- A morphometric anthropometric analysis of the upper lip in adult Western Romanian population- a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Influence of Different Preservation Protocols on the Teeth's Osteoinductive Characteristics: An In Vitro Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Stereophotometric facial changes in edentulous older adults after rehabilitation with complete dentures.Gerodontology · 2025Article
- The Relationship between the Length/Width of the Face and the Length/Width of the Crown of the Permanent Upper Central Incisors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFacial ageing is a result of superficial wrinkling combined with changes to the underlying soft tissues and skeleton. The influence of tooth loss, as a geriatric characteristic, on facial appearance is still poorly explained. The aim was to evaluate the facial characteristics of older adults, correlate these characteristics with the dentition and make comparisons with young adults using a non-invasive 3D methodology.
methods90 participants older than 65 years, classified into 3 subgroups (edentulous, partially edentulous, toothed) and 30 young adults were evaluated. Their faces were scanned with an optical Artec 3D-scanner. Cephalometric analyses were made using the RapidForm computer program. An independent t-test and ANOVA were used for the comparisons. Pairwise, post-hoc tests were applied with respect to the significant differences (P < 0.05).
resultsThe faces of older adults are wider and longer because of the longer middle facial height. Older adults also have a longer upper lip, a larger nose, a smaller nasolabial angle (due to the nasal ptosis), narrower upper- and lower-lip vermilions and larger facial and lower-facial-height angles, resulting in a flat facial profile. The facial changes due to ageing are the most pronounced in the edentulous. In comparison with the toothed, they have a smaller facial height due to the smaller lower facial height, larger nasolabial angle, smaller mouth width, shorter upper lip and narrower lip vermilions. Their profile is flatter and their lips are more retruded.
conclusionsThe proportions of the whole face are changed in older adults and they are the most expressed when this is combined with tooth loss.
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Registered trials
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