[Nutrigenetics: potentials and applications in cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors].

Introduction: From nutrigenetics, the genetic variation to dietary response, it is possible to understand and modulate the clinical response conditioned by the genotype by the diet. Objetive: to explore the bibliographic evidence on the potential of nutrigenetics in the approach and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and associated risk factors. Materials and methods: a systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Those articles that contained the keywords or a combination of them, during 1990-2019, from both experimental and observational studies, were included. Results: 49 articles were included, classified according to the main molecular pathways involved in the etiopathogenesis of CVD. Although a wide diversity of genetic variants was found that confer susceptibility to CVD and risk factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia and arterial hypertension, there is little consistency in the publication of replication studies. Conclusions: the knowledge of genetic variants allows the personalization of the diet, which can be complemented with other healthy recommendations associated with the lifestyle. More studies in large populations and meta-analyzes are necessary to unequivocally show the gene-nutrient relationship.