ArticleJournal of clinical psychology2023
Forgiveness, rumination, and depression in the United States and Korea: A cross-cultural mediation study.
Article in Journal of clinical psychology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-Cultural Influences on the Association Between Rumination and Psychopathology: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring Cultural Influences in the Associations Between Emotion Regulation and Mental Health: A Systematic Review Comparing East Asian and Western Cultural Contexts.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyPooled it
- Sleep quality partially mediates the association between remnant cholesterol inflammatory index and depressive symptoms: multi-cohort analysis from cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Forgiveness of Self and Situations and Rumination as Mental Health Correlates in Dental School Students.Journal of dental education · 2026Article
- Relationships Among Cognitive Distortions, Forgiveness of Others, and Self-Forgiveness in Psychiatric Outpatients with Depressive Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Unveiling the nature and attributes of self-forgiveness in young Indian adults: insights from thematic analysis.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Relative deprivation and forgiveness among Chinese college students: a moderated mediation model of ego depletion and psychological capital.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the mental internal friction scale (MIFS) for chinese college students.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Episodic forgiveness in young American adults and its pathways to distress by health, outlook, spirituality, aggression, and social support.Health psychology report · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAlthough substantial research has separately investigated forgiveness, rumination, and depression in the United States, few studies have investigated all three constructs in the same sample and we know of no studies that have examined how forgiveness, rumination, and depression are interrelated across cultures.
methodTo address this issue, we conducted a cross-cultural study wherein 204 and 297 healthy young adults from Korea and the United States, respectively, completed the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Ruminative Response Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory-II.
resultsCompared to US participants, Korean participants exhibited more forgiveness, similar levels of rumination, and slightly more depression. Two-group structural equation models revealed that forgiveness was directly related to depressive symptoms, and that forgiveness was indirectly related to depressive symptoms through rumination, in both the United States (proportion mediated = 0.363) and Korea (proportion mediated = 0.394). This indirect association did not differ across cultures.
conclusionConsidered together, these results suggest that forgiveness appears to have beneficial effects on depression that are mediated through forgiveness-related reductions in rumination, and, importantly, that these effects are similar across cultures.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.