ReviewEnvironmental science & technology2022
Passive In-Line Chlorination for Drinking Water Disinfection: A Critical Review.
Review in Environmental science & technology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Multi-component Chlorination Intervention to Reduce Neonatal Infections in Rural Health Facilities
In-line Chlorination for Drinking Water Treatment in Nigeria
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterizing the bacterial surface profiles of menstrual cups and their association with user characteristics and vaginal microbiomes in an adolescent cohort from western Kenya.Gates open research · 2026Trial
- Cerium driven active site relocation in spinel CoNature communications · 2026Article
- Exploring the efficacy of combination of point-of-use filters and peracetic acid disinfection in reducing total viable counts in final rinse water of endoscopes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in a Conflict Area: A Cross-Sectional Study in South Kordofan, Sudan.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Performance and acceptability of the STREAM Disinfectant Generator for infection prevention and control practices in primary health care facilities in Uganda.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Article
- Reinforcing Feedbacks for Sustainable Implementation of Rural Drinking-Water Treatment Technology.ACS ES&T water · 2024Article
- Review
- Two-Dimensional MXene as a Promising Adsorbent for Trihalomethanes Removal: A Density-Functional Theory Study.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Low-cost, local production of a safe and effective disinfectant for resource-constrained communities.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Performance of Community Water Board-Managed Passive In-Line Chlorinators Supported by a Circuit Rider Program in Rural Honduras.ACS ES&T water · 2023Article
- Evaluation of System-Level, Passive Chlorination in Gravity-Fed Piped Water Systems in Rural Nepal.Environmental science & technology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The world is not on track to meet Sustainable Development Goal 6.1 to provide universal access to safely managed drinking water by 2030. Removal of priority microbial contaminants by disinfection is one aspect of ensuring water is safely managed. Passive chlorination (also called in-line chlorination) represents one approach to disinfecting drinking water before or at the point of collection (POC), without requiring daily user input or electricity. In contrast to manual household chlorination methods typically implemented at the point of use (POU), passive chlorinators can reduce the user burden for chlorine dosing and enable treatment at scales ranging from communities to small municipalities. In this review, we synthesized evidence from 27 evaluations of passive chlorinators (in 19 articles, 3 NGO reports, and 5 theses) conducted across 16 countries in communities, schools, health care facilities, and refugee camps. Of the 27 passive chlorinators we identified, the majority (22/27) were solid tablet or granular chlorine dosers, and the remaining devices were liquid chlorine dosers. We identified the following research priorities to address existing barriers to scaled deployment of passive chlorinators: (i) strengthening local chlorine supply chains through decentralized liquid chlorine production, (ii) validating context-specific business models and financial sustainability, (iii) leveraging remote monitoring and sensing tools to monitor real-time chlorine levels and potential system failures, and (iv) designing handpump-compatible passive chlorinators to serve the many communities reliant on handpumps as a primary drinking water source. We also propose a set of reporting indicators for future studies to facilitate standardized evaluations of the technical performance and financial sustainability of passive chlorinators. In addition, we discuss the limitations of chlorine-based disinfection and recognize the importance of addressing chemical contamination in drinking water supplies. Passive chlorinators deployed and managed at-scale have the potential to elevate the quality of existing accessible and available water services to meet "safely managed" requirements.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.