ArticleTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2022
Impact of integrated water, sanitation, hygiene, health and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea disease epidemiology and microbial quality of water in a resource-constrained setting in Kenya: A controlled intervention study.
Article in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of diarrhoeal diseases among under-five children in Africa (2013-2023): a comprehensive systematic review highlighting geographic variances, socioeconomic influences, and environmental factors.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Impact of integrated WASH and maternal and child health interventions on diarrhea disease prevalence in a resource-constrained setting in Kenya.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Impact of integrated water, sanitation, hygiene, health and nutritional interventions on diarrhoea disease epidemiology and microbial quality of water in a resource-constrained setting in Kenya: A controlled intervention study.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2022Article
- Differences in epidemiology of enteropathogens in children pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction in Kilifi, coastal Kenya.Gut pathogens · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrigendum.2022
Authors and funding
18 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesWe assessed the impact of water, hygiene and sanitation (WASH), maternal, new-born and child health (MNCH), nutrition and early childhood development (ECD) on diarrhoea and microbial quality of water in a resource-constrained rural setting in Kenya.
methodsThrough a controlled intervention study, we tested faecal and water samples collected from both the intervention and control sites before and after the interventions using microbiological, immunological and molecular assays to determine the prevalence of diarrhoeagenic agents and microbial quality of water. Data from the hospital registers were used to estimate all-cause diarrhoea prevalence.
resultsAfter the interventions, we observed a 58.2% (95% CI: 39.4-75.3) decline in all-cause diarrhoea in the intervention site versus a 22.2% (95% CI: 5.9-49.4) reduction of the same in the control site. Besides rotavirus and pathogenic Escherichia coli, the rate of isolation of other diarrhoea-causing bacteria declined substantially in the intervention site. The microbial quality of community and household water improved considerably in both the intervention (81.9%; 95% CI: 74.5%-87.8%) and control (72.5%; 95% CI: 64.2%-80.5%) sites with the relative improvements in the intervention site being slightly larger.
conclusionsThe integrated WASH, MNCH, nutrition and ECD interventions resulted in notable decline in all-cause diarrhoea and improvements in water quality in the rural resource-limited population in Kenya. This indicates a direct public health impact of the interventions and provides early evidence for public health policy makers to support the sustained implementation of these interventions.
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Registered trials
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