SynthesisSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2022
Exploring the effectiveness of family-based interventions for psychosis in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cognitive remediation therapy in low-and-middle-income countries (LAMICs) for people with psychosis: a systematic review of its efficacy on functional and cognitive outcomes.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Next of kin involvement in mental health care services - a systematic participatory overview of evidence syntheses.BMC psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Family-based interventions versus standard care for people with schizophrenia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Web-Based Psychoeducation Program for Improving Coping Mechanisms Among Family Caregivers of People with Schizophrenia: A Quasi-Experimental Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Taking care of psychotic disorders globally, beyond clinical management.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026Article
- CareVR, a Virtual Reality assisted communication training programme to support informal carers of people with psychosis: a feasibility study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Opportunities for Digital Health to Support Early Psychosis Care in Ghana: Qualitative Study Among Patients, Caregivers, and Clinicians.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Assessing the efficacy and safety of rTMS, tDCS, and DBS in treating auditory hallucinations: a scoping review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Experiences of service users receiving peer support in mental health services: Qualitative findings from the international UPSIDES trial.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Family caregivers' involvement in home-based recovery for patients with schizophrenia: a qualitative study in Beijing, China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cultural adaptation and preliminary evaluation of the psychosis REACH family intervention in Pakistan.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Culturally adapting family interventions for people with schizophrenia in Indonesia: An intervention development study using programme theory.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2025Article
- Digital health for early psychosis in Ghana: patient and caregiver needs and preferences.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Stakeholder perspectives of family interventions for schizophrenia in Indonesia: a qualitative study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Critical Time Intervention - Task-Shifting for Individuals with Psychosis in Latin America: A Multi-stakeholder Qualitative Analysis of Implementation Barriers and Facilitators.Global implementation research and applications · 2023Article
- Clinicians' perceptions of family involvement in the treatment of persons with psychotic disorders: a nested qualitative study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- "The most important thing is that those closest to you, understand you": a nested qualitative study of persons with psychotic disorders' experiences with family involvement.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- The Lived Experiences of Family Members and Carers of People with Psychosis: A Bottom-Up Review Co-Written by Experts by Experience and Academics.Psychopathology · 2023Review
- Intersectoral and multisectoral approaches to enable recovery for people with severe mental illness in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeOf the 80% people with psychosis living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), up to 90% are left to the care of families. The World Health Organization has recommended the inclusion of families in community-based rehabilitation and while there is evidence of its implementation in LMICs, this has not been reviewed yet. This study aims to describe the key features and implementation strategies of family-based interventions in LMICs, and appraise their effectiveness.
methodsIncluded are people with psychosis in LMICs who receive any form of family-based intervention, compared to their usual or absence of treatment, with patient outcome measures. We searched (August 2021) through Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, PsycInfo, Social Policy and Practice, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), as well as from grey literature and hand-searched records. Risk of bias was assessed through the Integrated Quality Criteria for Review of Multiple Study Designs (ICROMS) and Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS), then analyzed narratively.
results27 studies were included from the 5254 records. Psychotherapeutic features, systems approach and task-sharing were key intervention elements. Delivery strategies included preliminary research, sustained family engagement, and cultural adaptation. There were positive health impacts across four outcome domains.
conclusionAll studies recommended family-based interventions, with limitations in heterogeneity and 70% of them rated high risk of bias. OTHER: Review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021256856). The authors did not receive funding for this research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.