ArticleNucleic acids research2022
Expression of Bacillus subtilis ABCF antibiotic resistance factor VmlR is regulated by RNA polymerase pausing, transcription attenuation, translation attenuation and (p)ppGpp.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- A Nitroreductase-Activatable Lapachol Against Bacillus subtilis Unveils Antimicrobial Specificity.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- β-Caryophyllene gradients act as ecological filters shaping microbial life-history strategies via iron competition.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Early posttranscriptional response to tetracycline exposure in a gram-negative soil bacterium reveals unexpected attenuation mechanism of a DUF1127 gene.RNA biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Applying the brakes to transcription: regulation of gene expression by RNA polymerase pausing.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms Leading to the Emergence of Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria.Indian journal of microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Complementary Ribo-seq approaches map the translatome and provide a small protein census in the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni.Nature communications · 2025Article
- BacTermFinder: a comprehensive and general bacterial terminator finder using a CNN ensemble.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The Resistance Abilities of SomeFood science & nutrition · 2025Article
- NusG-dependent RNA polymerase pausing is a common feature of riboswitch regulatory mechanisms.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- The ABCF proteins in Escherichia coli individually cope with 'hard-to-translate' nascent peptide sequences.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Regulation of the macrolide resistance ABC-F translation factor MsrD.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A model industrial workhorse: Bacillus subtilis strain 168 and its genome after a quarter of a century.Microbial biotechnology · 2023Review
- Genome-encoded ABCF factors implicated in intrinsic antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive bacteria: VmlR2, Ard1 and CplR.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Allosteric mechanism of transcription inhibition by NusG-dependent pausing of RNA polymerase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Role of (p)ppGpp in antibiotic resistance, tolerance, persistence and survival in Firmicutes.microLife · 2023Review
- Gene rppA co-regulated by LRR, SigA, and CcpA mediates antibiotic resistance in Bacillus thuringiensis.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Since antibiotic resistance is often associated with a fitness cost, bacteria employ multi-layered regulatory mechanisms to ensure that expression of resistance factors is restricted to times of antibiotic challenge. In Bacillus subtilis, the chromosomally-encoded ABCF ATPase VmlR confers resistance to pleuromutilin, lincosamide and type A streptogramin translation inhibitors. Here we show that vmlR expression is regulated by translation attenuation and transcription attenuation mechanisms. Antibiotic-induced ribosome stalling during translation of an upstream open reading frame in the vmlR leader region prevents formation of an anti-antiterminator structure, leading to the formation of an antiterminator structure that prevents intrinsic termination. Thus, transcription in the presence of antibiotic induces vmlR expression. We also show that NusG-dependent RNA polymerase pausing in the vmlR leader prevents leaky expression in the absence of antibiotic. Furthermore, we demonstrate that induction of VmlR expression by compromised protein synthesis does not require the ability of VmlR to rescue the translational defect, as exemplified by constitutive induction of VmlR by ribosome assembly defects. Rather, the specificity of induction is determined by the antibiotic's ability to stall the ribosome on the regulatory open reading frame located within the vmlR leader. Finally, we demonstrate the involvement of (p)ppGpp-mediated signalling in antibiotic-induced VmlR expression.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.