ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2022
Global dissemination of H5N1 influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene and biologic analysis of the ones detected in China.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.
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126 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increase in H5N1 vaccine antibodies confers cross-neutralization of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Syrian hamster is a valuable animal model for evaluating the transmissibility of emerging influenza viruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- The mouse-lethal H5N1 influenza virus carrying the PB2-384L/443R/460M characteristics acquired in avian hosts can effectively utilize human ANP32A/B proteins.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
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- High pathogenicity avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from poultry and wild birds in Japan during the 2024-2025 season.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Marked Antigenic Divergence and Evolutionary Analysis of H5 AIVs from Wild Birds in East China, 2013-2022.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Review
- A bivalent mRNA-LNP vaccine confers broad-spectrum protection against both homologous and heterologous H5/H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in SPF chickens.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Rodent-borne pathogens as economic and zoonotic health threat to livestock farming: a review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
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- USP17L13 Enhances Influenza a Virus Replication by Mediating the Degradation of RIG-I and MDA5.Viruses · 2026Article
- A nanobody-based proteolysis-targeting chimera offers broad-spectrum protection against diverse influenza virus infections.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- On the brink of emergence: an evolutionary approach to Influenza A virus H5N1 isolated from humans.Virus research · 2026Article
- Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in migratory wild birds in South Korea, 2019-2025.Journal of veterinary science · 2026Article
- Assessing HPAI-H5 transmission risk across wild bird migratory flyways in the United States.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Integrated approaches to explore temporal-spatial changes in gene reassortment of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) virus in Eurasia, 2000-2023.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Fatal H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza with Retrograde Neuroinvasion in a Free-Ranging Leopard Cat (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Characterization of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b isolated from Ezo red fox in Japan in a mouse model.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Early detection and genetic characterization of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 and H5N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses at the onset of fall migration in wild birds during october 2025 in South Korea.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Protective Efficacy of a Hemagglutinin-Based mRNA Vaccine Against H5N1 Influenza Virus Challenge in Lactating Dairy Cows.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
H5N1 avian influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin gene have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 70 million domestic poultry in Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America since October 2020. During our routine surveillance, 13 H5N1 viruses were isolated from 26,767 wild bird and poultry samples that were collected between September 2021 and March 2022 in China. To investigate the origin of these Chinese isolates and understand their genetic relationship with the globally circulating H5N1 viruses, we performed a detailed phylogenic analysis of 233 representative H5N1 strains that were isolated from 28 countries. We found that, after they emerged in the Netherlands, the H5N1 viruses encountered complicated gene exchange with different viruses circulating in wild birds and formed 16 genotypes. Genotype one (G1) was predominant, being detected in 22 countries, whereas all other genotypes were only detected in one or two continents. H5N1 viruses of four genotypes (G1, G7, G9, and G10) were detected in China; three of these genotypes have been previously reported in other countries. The H5N1 viruses detected in China replicated in mice, with pathogenicity varying among strains; the G1 virus was highly lethal in mice. Moreover, we found that these viruses were antigenically similar to and well matched with the H5-Re14 vaccine strain currently used in China. Our study reveals the overall picture of H5N1 virus evolution and provides insights for the control of these viruses.
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