ArticleMedical microbiology and immunology2022
Blood and saliva SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in self-collected dried spot samples.
Article in Medical microbiology and immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal Immune Responses in People Living with HIV May Confer Protection from SARS-CoV-2 Infections After COVID-19 Vaccination.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Serum-equivalency comparison, detection, and quantification of Group BHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Assessing COVID-19 IgG levels among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals in Mthatha - South africa: A case-control approach.Virusdisease · 2025Article
- Profiling of Anti-glycan IgA and IgG in Oral Fluid Using a Glycan Microarray.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Cellular and humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2 in adults with Chronic Kidney Disease G4/5.New microbes and new infections · 2024Article
- Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies in dried blood and saliva samples using antibody proximity extension assays (AbPEA).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Methodological approaches to optimize multiplex oral fluid SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay performance and correlation with serologic and neutralizing antibody responses.Journal of immunological methods · 2023Article
- Point-of-Care Diagnostic Biosensors to Monitor Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing IgG/sIgA Antibodies and Antioxidant Activity in Saliva.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Methodological approaches to optimize multiplex oral fluid SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay performance and correlation with serologic and neutralizing antibody responses.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We examined the usefulness of dried spot blood and saliva samples in SARS-CoV-2 antibody analyses. We analyzed 1231 self-collected dried spot blood and saliva samples from healthcare workers. Participants filled in a questionnaire on their COVID-19 exposures, infections, and vaccinations. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, IgA, and IgM levels were determined from both samples using the GSP/DELFIA method. The level of exposure was the strongest determinant of all blood antibody classes and saliva IgG, increasing as follows: (1) no exposure (healthy, non-vaccinated), (2) exposed, (3) former COVID-19 infection, (4) one vaccination, (5) two vaccinations, and (6) vaccination and former infection. While the blood IgG assay had a 99.5% sensitivity and 75.3% specificity to distinguish participants with two vaccinations from all other types of exposure, the corresponding percentages for saliva IgG were 85.3% and 65.7%. Both blood and saliva IgG-seropositivity proportions followed similar trends to the exposures reported in the questionnaires. Self-collected dry blood and saliva spot samples combined with the GSP/DELFIA technique comprise a valuable tool to investigate an individual's immune response to SARS-CoV-2 exposure or vaccination. Saliva IgG has high potential to monitor vaccination response wane, since the sample is non-invasive and easy to collect.
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