ReviewNature protocols2022
Multigenerational laboratory culture of pelagic ctenophores and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in the lobate Mnemiopsis leidyi.
Review in Nature protocols, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- A blastoporal organizer in a ctenophore.Nature · 2026Article
- Article
- Organization of the ctenophore tentacular apparatus: AdultiScience · 2026Article
- β-Catenin localization in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi suggests an ancestral role in cell adhesion and nuclear function.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025Article
- The life cycle of type IV collagen.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2025Review
- β-catenin-driven endomesoderm specification is a Bilateria-specific novelty.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Rapid speciation in the holopelagic ctenophorebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Extracellular DNA traps in a ctenophore demonstrate immune cell behaviors in a non-bilaterian.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi deploys a rapid injury response dating back to the last common animal ancestor.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/CRISPR-Associated Protein and Its Utility All at Sea: Status, Challenges, and Prospects.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Brief History of Ctenophora.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Review
- Stable Laboratory Culture System for the Ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Novel Husbandry Practices Result in Rapid Rates of Growth and Sexual Maturation Without Impacting Adult Behavior in the Blind Mexican Cavefish.Zebrafish · 2023Article
- Diffusion tubes: a method for the mass culture of ctenophores and other pelagic marine invertebrates.PeerJ · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite long-standing experimental interest in ctenophores due to their unique biology, ecological influence and evolutionary status, previous work has largely been constrained by the periodic seasonal availability of wild-caught animals and difficulty in reliably closing the life cycle. To address this problem, we have developed straightforward protocols that can be easily implemented to establish long-term multigenerational cultures for biological experimentation in the laboratory. In this protocol, we describe the continuous culture of the Atlantic lobate ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. A rapid 3-week egg-to-egg generation time makes Mnemiopsis suitable for a wide range of experimental genetic, cellular, embryological, physiological, developmental, ecological and evolutionary studies. We provide recommendations for general husbandry to close the life cycle of Mnemiopsis in the laboratory, including feeding requirements, light-induced spawning, collection of embryos and rearing of juveniles to adults. These protocols have been successfully applied to maintain long-term multigenerational cultures of several species of pelagic ctenophores, and can be utilized by laboratories lacking easy access to the ocean. We also provide protocols for targeted genome editing via microinjection with CRISPR-Cas9 that can be completed within ~2 weeks, including single-guide RNA synthesis, early embryo microinjection, phenotype assessment and sequence validation of genome edits. These protocols provide a foundation for using Mnemiopsis as a model organism for functional genomic analyses in ctenophores.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.