SynthesisBulletin of the World Health Organization2022
Burnout among primary health-care professionals in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Burnout among paediatric surgeons: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Pooled it
- Burnout increased among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Associations of physician burnout with career engagement and quality of patient care: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022Pooled it
- Burnout among primary health-care professionals in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Pooled it
- Feasibility of a tailored, combined intervention with mind-body elements to prevent burnout in healthcare professionals (LAGOM) in a mixed-methods multicenter single-arm trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Lived experiences of health workers' job satisfaction at the health facility level in Ethiopia: a phenomenological study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Psychometric Assessment of the Vietnamese Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and Associated Factors Among Health Sciences Students.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators of implementing cardiovascular health assessment in children and adolescents in primary care settings in Malaysia: a qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Beyond the Operating Room: Determinants of Burnout and Resilience among Metabolic Bariatric Surgeons Worldwide.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Health Anxiety and Health-Related Behaviors Among Chinese Medical Students.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2026Article
- Article
- Burnout among junior doctors in Spain: prevalence, associated working conditions, and implications for health workforce well-being.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Burnout, PTSD, and Medical Error: The Medico-Legal Implications of the Mental Health Crisis Among Frontline Healthcare Professionals During COVID-19.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Article
- Is 10 minutes sufficient? Follow-up consultation in Ecuadorian Social Security health systems.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Burnout among healthcare workers in Lebanon: a multicentred cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Computer self-efficacy and technostress as independent predictors of job burnout among community healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Burnout and its' associated factors among health workers: A hospital-based cross-sectional study from Pokhara, Nepal.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Demographic Variances of Burnout Prevalence Among Healthcare Workers of a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana.Health services insights · 2026Article
- Psychological safety and primary care physicians' well-being, work conditions and guideline adherence behavior: a cross-sectional study in China.Global health action · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of burnout among primary health-care professionals in low- and middle-income countries and to identify factors associated with burnout. Methods: We systematically searched nine databases up to February 2022 to identify studies investigating burnout in primary health-care professionals in low- and middle-income countries. There were no language limitations and we included observational studies. Two independent reviewers completed screening, study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate overall burnout prevalence as assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. We narratively report factors associated with burnout. Findings: The search returned 1568 articles. After selection, 60 studies from 20 countries were included in the narrative review and 31 were included in the meta-analysis. Three studies collected data during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic but provided limited evidence on the impact of the disease on burnout. The overall single-point prevalence of burnout ranged from 2.5% to 87.9% (43 studies). In the meta-analysis (31 studies), the pooled prevalence of a high level of emotional exhaustion was 28.1% (95% confidence interval, CI: 21.5-33.5), a high level of depersonalization was 16.4% (95% CI: 10.1-22.9) and a high level of reduced personal accomplishment was 31.9% (95% CI: 21.7-39.1). Conclusion: The substantial prevalence of burnout among primary health-care professionals in low- and middle-income countries has implications for patient safety, care quality and workforce planning. Further cross-sectional studies are needed to help identify evidence-based solutions, particularly in Africa and South-East Asia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.