ArticleKidney international reports2022
Gender Disparities in Kidney Transplantation Referral Vary by Age and Race: A Multiregional Cohort Study in the Southeast United States.
Article in Kidney international reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender disparity in access to care across the continuum of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.BMC nephrology · 2026Pooled it
- Gender disparities in Swedish specialized nephrology care.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Sex and Intersectional Disparities in Access to Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: A 17-Year Population-Based Cohort Study.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Impact of specialised endocrinology care on metabolic control and healthcare utilisation outcomes after kidney transplantation in patients with diabetes: A 12-month observational cohort study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Observational
- Article
- Association Between Sex and Kidney Transplant Referral, Living Donor Contacts, Waitlisting and Kidney Transplant: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex Differences in Excess Mortality Among Waitlisted Kidney, Heart, and Liver Transplant Candidates.Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- Dialysis Preparedness and Access to the Transplant Waitlist: Evidence From a National United States Cohort Study.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Defining Referral for a Kidney Transplant Evaluation as a Quality Indicator: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic Barriers to Starting the Kidney Transplantation Evaluation Process and Waitlisting in the Ohio River Valley.American journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- [Analysis of the performance of dialysis centers in referring and enrolling patients into the pre-kidney transplant waiting list in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2015 to 2019].Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
- Using Unsupervised Clustering to Characterize Phenotypes Among Older Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Cohort Study.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2025Article
- The Association between Residential Segregation and Access to Kidney Transplantation: Evidence from a Multistate Cohort Study.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2024Article
- Lower access to kidney transplantation for women in France is not explained by comorbidities and social deprivation.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Article
- Highly Sensitized Kidney Transplant Outcomes After the 2014 Kidney Allocation System Change.Progress in transplantation (Aliso Viejo, Calif.) · 2024Article
- Setting reasonable goals for kidney transplant referral among dialysis facilities.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Fully Understanding Sex/Gender Disparities in Kidney Care Requires End-to-End, National Data Collection.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Sex/Gender Disparities in Preemptive Referrals for Kidney Transplantation.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Exploring Potential Gender-Based Disparities in Referral for Transplant, Activation on the Waitlist and Kidney Transplantation in a Canadian Cohort.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Men (vs. women) are more likely to be waitlisted or receive a kidney transplant. Whether gender disparities exist in earlier transplant steps (i.e., referral) and whether age, race, or obesity factors play a role are unknown. Methods: Adults (18-80 years; Results: Overall, 37.0% and 41.5% of women and men, respectively, were referred within 12 months. In fully adjusted models, women (vs. men) were 14% less likely to be referred (odds ratio [OR]: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.82-0.90). Women (vs. men) aged 45 to 64 years and 65 to 80 years were 0.93 (0.87-0.99) and 0.72 (0.66-0.77) less likely to be referred, respectively. Women (vs. men) of non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black race were 0.76 (0.71-0.82) and 0.93 (0.88-0.99) less likely to be referred, respectively. For other race (Hispanic, other) and age (18-44 years) subgroups, and all obesity subgroups, no gender differences in referral rates were observed. Conclusion: In the Southeast, women are less likely to be referred for a transplant, and this disparity is specific to older non-Hispanic Black and White women. These findings have important implications for known gender disparities in upstream (i.e., waitlisting) transplant steps and in the design of interventions to reduce gender disparities in transplant.
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Registered trials
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