SynthesisFrontiers in pharmacology2022
Comprehensive Evaluation of Anti-PD-1, Anti-PD-L1, Anti-CTLA-4 and Their Combined Immunotherapy in Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of extracellular vesicles for acute lung injury in preclinical animal models: a meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Overcoming tumour resistance in cancer immunotherapy through predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibition perturbs neuro-immune homeostasis and impairs cognitive function.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and signaling pathways of tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia: A comprehensive review.Leukemia research reports · 2025Review
- Phase I dose escalation study of IO-108, an anti-LILRB2 antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Drug-induced mucosal alterations observed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy.World journal of gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Beyond PD(L)-1 Blockade in Microsatellite-Instable Cancers: Current Landscape of Immune Co-Inhibitory Receptor Targeting.Cancers · 2024Review
- Frontiers and future of immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Immune dysregulation in sepsis: experiences, lessons and perspectives.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
- Characterization of TCF-1 and its relationship between CD8+ TIL densities and immune checkpoints and their joint influences on prognoses of lung adenocarcinoma patients.Thoracic cancer · 2023Article
- Cancer immune escape: the role of antigen presentation machinery.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- PD-1/PD-L1 and DNA Damage Response in Cancer.Cells · 2023Review
- Patterns of toxicity burden for FDA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors in the United States.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Article
- The E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate PD-1/PD-L1 protein levels in tumor microenvironment to improve immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors plus molecular targeted agents after the progression of lenvatinib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) drugs is gradually becoming a hot topic in cancer treatment. To comprehensively evaluate the safety and efficacy of ICI drugs, we employed the Bayesian model and conducted a network meta-analysis in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and severe adverse events (AEs). Our study found that treatment with ipilimumab was significantly worse than standard therapies in terms of PFS, whereas treatment with cemiplimab significantly improved PFS. The results also indicated that cemiplimab was the best choice for PFS. Treatment with nivolumab, pembrolizumab and nivolumab plus ipilimumab significantly improved OS compared to standard therapies. In terms of OS, cemiplimab was found to be the best choice, whereas avelumab was the worst. In terms of severe AEs, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab all significantly reduced the risk of grade 3 or higher AEs compared to standard therapy. The least likely to be associated with severe AEs were as follows: cemiplimab, avelumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, and camrelizumab, with nivolumab plus ipilimumab to be the worst. Therefore, different ICI drug therapies may pose different risks in terms of PFS, OS and severe AEs. Our study may provide new insights and strategies for the clinical practice of ICI drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.