ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2022
4D Printing Applications in the Development of Smart Cardiovascular Implants.
Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Body-responsive shape-memory polymers for biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Thermomechanical Tailoring of a DLP-Printable Shape Memory Polyurethane for Vascular Graft Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Toward 4D printed functional soft tissues.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Review
- Unconventional bioprinting modalities for advanced tissue biofabrication.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- Review
- 4D printing polymeric biomaterials for adaptive tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Extrusion bioprinting: meeting the promise of human tissue biofabrication?Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England) · 2025Review
- Hydrogels for Cardiac Tissue Regeneration: Current and Future Developments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- From Stents to Smart Implants Employing Biomimetic Materials: The Impact of 4D Printing on Modern Healthcare.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- How Advanced are Conductive Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Repairing and Monitoring Myocardial Infarction?International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Hydrogel-based cardiac patches for myocardial infarction therapy: Recent advances and challenges.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Advancements in Polymer Biomaterials as Scaffolds for Corneal Endothelium Tissue Engineering.Polymers · 2024Review
- Biomimetic Scaffolds-A Novel Approach to Three Dimensional Cell Culture Techniques for Potential Implementation in Tissue Engineering.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Advancing Organoid Engineering for Tissue Regeneration and Biofunctional Reconstruction.Biomaterials research · 2024Review
- Patient-specific 3DFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Progress on a Novel, 3D-Printable Heart Valve Prosthesis.Polymers · 2023Article
- A systematic review of the role of 4D printing in sustainable civil engineering solutions.Heliyon · 2023Article
- 4D Printing in Biomedical Engineering: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Review
- Organoids and Their Research Progress in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smart materials are able to react to different stimuli and adapt their shape to the environment. Although the development of 3D printing technology increased the reproducibility and accuracy of scaffold fabrication, 3D printed scaffolds can still be further improved to resemble the native anatomy. 4D printing is an innovative fabrication approach combining 3D printing and smart materials, also known as stimuli-responsive materials. Especially for cardiovascular implants, 4D printing can promisingly create programmable, adaptable prostheses, which facilitates implantation and/or create the topology of the target tissue post implantation. In this review, the principles of 4D printing with a focus on the applied stimuli are explained and the underlying 3D printing technologies are presented. Then, according to the type of stimulus, recent applications of 4D printing in constructing smart cardiovascular implants and future perspectives are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.