ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Contribution of Sex Differences to HIV Immunology, Pathogenesis, and Cure Approaches.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV-related mortality time trends among children and young adolescents on antiretroviral therapy by age, treatment duration, and region: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.The lancet. HIV · 2025Pooled it
- Analytical treatment interruption among women with HIV in southern Africa who received VRC01 or placebo in the Antibody Mediated Prevention Study: ATI stakeholder engagement, implementation and early clinical data.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Trial
- Effects of sex but not race and geographic origin on vaccine-induced HIV-specific antibody responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Article
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Genetic and transcriptomic signatures of host control in HIV-1 infection.Retrovirology · 2026Article
- Caregiver-Mediated Adherence and Perceived Health System Factors Associated with Viral Suppression Among Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- CircRNA profiles of extracellular vesicle-enriched fractions from ART suppressed pregnant women living with HIV identifies interactome networks key to inflammation and viral latency.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Factors Influencing HIV Infection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for dermatologic conditions in people with HIV in the modern antiretroviral era: A cohort study in Washington, DC.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2026Article
- Hepatic Viral Reservoirs in Concurrent HIV and HBV: From Mechanistic Insight to Integrated Cure Strategies.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Learning from nature: HIV elite controllers as blueprints for a functional cure.Virology journal · 2025Review
- The CanCURE Survey: Gender-Based Differences in HIV Cure Research Priorities.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Gonadocorticoids Have Different Effects on the Expression of Toll-like Receptors When Infected with Various HIV-1 Subtypes.Viruses · 2025Article
- Moderate agreement between the spot albumin‒Creatinine ratio (ACR) and urine albumin (UA) among virally suppressed adults living with HIV in botswana: a cross sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Cancer Prevention Pathways in People Living with HIV: Assessment of Prevalence and Related Factors Among Individuals Attending HIV Division of Ferrara Hospital.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Gender equality in leadership of HIV care cascade clinical trials: A methodological study.HIV medicine · 2025Article
- HIV-Associated Dermatological Alterations: Barrier Dysfunction, Immune Impairment, and Microbiome Changes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccination in People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Northern Brazil: Cross-Sectional Study.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Approximately 38 million people were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 2020 and 53% of those infected were female. A variety of virological and immunological sex-associated differences (sexual dimorphism) in HIV infection have been recognized in males versus females. Social, behavioral, and societal influences play an important role in how the HIV pandemic has affected men and women differently. However, biological factors including anatomical, physiologic, hormonal, and genetic differences in sex chromosomes can each contribute to the distinct characteristics of HIV infection observed in males versus females. One striking example of this is the tendency for women to have lower HIV plasma viral loads than their male counterparts early in infection, though both progress to AIDS at similar rates. Sex differences in acquisition of HIV, innate and adaptive anti-HIV immune responses, efficacy/suitability of specific antiretroviral drugs, and viral pathogenesis have all been identified. Sex differences also have the potential to affect viral persistence, latency, and cure approaches. In this brief review, we summarize the major biological male/female sex differences in HIV infection and their importance to viral acquisition, pathogenesis, treatment, and cure efforts.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.