Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35693780›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022

Exposed and Sequestered Antigens in Testes and Their Protection by Regulatory T Cell-Dependent Systemic Tolerance.

Jessica Harakal, Hui Qiao, Karen Wheeler, Claudia Rival, Alberta G A Paul, Daniel M Hardy, C Yan Cheng, Erwin Goldberg, Kenneth S K Tung

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 37% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Immune Regulation in the Testis and Epididymis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Review
  5. A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Orchitis Research from 1980 to 2023.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Jessica HarakalDepartment of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Hui QiaoDepartment of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Karen WheelerDepartment of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Claudia RivalDepartment of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Alberta G A PaulDepartment of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Daniel M HardyCell Biology and Biochemistry Department, Texas Tech University Health Science Center (HSC), Lubbock, TX, United States.
C Yan ChengCenter for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, NY, United States.
Erwin GoldbergMolecular Biochemistry Department, Northwestern University, Evanstan, IL, United States.
Kenneth S K TungDepartment of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
Carter Center · USUniversity of Virginia · USNorthwestern University · USPopulation Council · USTexas Tech University · US

Funding

ZONA PELLUCIDA--IMMUNOPATHOLOGIC STUDYR01AI041236 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLE · PI TUNG, KENNETH S.K. · 1996 to 2017
$5.2M
Antibody induced T cell-mediated neonatal autoimmunity.R01AI051420 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLE · PI TUNG, KENNETH S.K. · 2003 to 2012
$3.4M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI041236NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI051420
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Continuous exposure of tissue antigen (Ag) to the autoantigen-specific regulatory T cells (Treg) is required to maintain Treg-dependent systemic tolerance. Thus, testis autoantigens, previously considered as sequestered, may not be protected by systemic tolerance. We now document that the complete testis antigen sequestration is not valid. The haploid sperm Ag lactate dehydrogenase 3 (LDH3) is continuously exposed and not sequestered. It enters the residual body (RB) to egress from the seminiferous tubules and interact with circulating antibody (Ab). Some LDH3 also remains inside the sperm cytoplasmic droplets (CD). Treg-depletion in the DEREG mice that express diphtheria toxin receptor on the Foxp3 promoter results in spontaneous experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) and Ab to LDH3. Unlike the wild-type male mice, mice deficient in LDH3 (wild-type female or LDH3

Indexed as

OrchitisVasectomyAnimalsAutoantigensFemaleHumansImmune ToleranceMaleMiceT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryAutoantigensexperimental and human autoimmune orchitisexposed and sequestered testis autoantigensFoxp3+ regulatory T cells and systemic tolerancepost-vasectomy tolerance versus orchitistestis autoantigens and autoantibodiesthe residual bodies and cytoplasmic droplets

Identifiers

PMID35693780
PMCPMC9179417
OpenAlexW4281558379

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.