ArticleSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society2022
The impact of using pictorial aids in caregivers' understanding of patient information leaflets of pediatric pain medications: A quasi-experimental study.
Article in Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Public attitudes towards the implementation of pharmaceutical care services in community pharmacies - a 2025 nationwide cross-sectional survey among adults in Poland.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Exploring communication preferences and risk thresholds of clinicians and parents of febrile infants under 90 days presenting to the emergency department: a qualitative study.Archives of disease in childhood · 2024Article
- Assessment Tools for Measuring Health Literacy and Digital Health Literacy in a Hospital Setting: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Using Animated Videos to Promote the Accessibility and Understandability of Package Leaflets: Retrospective Observational Study Evaluating the First Year of Implementation.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Observational
- Pharmaceutical indication pictograms for low literacy viewers: Health literacy and comprehension.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2023Article
- Pharmacist-Led Discharge Transitions of Care Interventions for Pediatric Patients: A Narrative Review.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2023Article
- Could paper package leaflet be left out from hospital products?Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Patient information leaflets (PILs) are one of the main sources of information for over-the-counter medications (OTCs). This study aimed to assess caregivers' understanding of instructions in PILs provided with paracetamol medications and the impact of pictograms use. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among caregivers of children aged < 13 years recruited in pediatric outpatient clinics at University Medical City in Riyadh. The calculated sample size was 128; at least 64 participants were needed in each group (the text-only group and the text-plus pictograms group). Caregivers' health literacy was assessed using a validated Arabic version of the Newest Vital Sign scale. Participants' understanding of PILs instructions was assessed using eight questions on the route of administration, minimal hours between doses, max daily dose, shake medication before use, storage, and reporting adverse events; and was rated based on the number of questions correctly understood. Characteristics of participants were compared by Pearson X Results: A total of 130 caregivers participated in the study; almost half of them were mothers (47%, [n = 61]) and 43% (n = 56) have "a possibility of limited health literacy". The mean number of correct answers to questions assessing the understanding of PILs instructions was significantly higher among the text-plus pictograms group compared to the text-only group (5.25 ± 1.85 vs. 4.38 ± 1.27; Conclusion: Limited comprehension of medications instructions was observed; adding pictorial aids to PILs might enhance the comprehension. Differences in health literacy levels of caregivers should be considered when designing PILs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.