SynthesisFrontiers in neurology2022
MRI-Based Demonstration of the Normal Glymphatic System in a Human Population: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep Alters the Velocity of Physiological Brain Pulsations in Humans.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Disrupted glymphatic function and its relationship with sleep and cognitive impairment in ME/CFS assessed via DTI-ALPS.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- White matter and glymphatic system alterations in patients with focal epilepsy: insights from PSMD and DTI-ALPS index.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on glymphatic flow dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism spectrum.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Periventricular diffusivity reflects APOE ε4-modulated amyloid accumulation and cognitive impairment in the Alzheimer's disease continuum.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- White Matter Geometry Confounds Diffusion Tensor Imaging Along Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) Measures.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Structural and functional brain correlates of the neutrophil- and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio in neuropsychiatric disorders.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with insomnia via diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Relationship between glymphatic system dysfunction and cognitive impairment in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic traumatic brain injury: an analysis of the analysis along the perivascular space (ALPS) index.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Deep learning-based super-resolution and denoising algorithm improves reliability of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in diffuse glioma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Glymphatic function assessment with diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space in patients with major depressive disorder and its relation to cerebral white-matter alteration.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Glymphatic System Dysfunction Underlying Schizophrenia Is Associated With Cognitive Impairment.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- Interplay between the Glymphatic System and the Endocannabinoid System: Implications for Brain Health and Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Neurofluids and the glymphatic system: anatomy, physiology, and imaging.The British journal of radiology · 2023Review
- Evaluation of glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system with intravenous gadolinium-based contrast-enhancement in cerebral small-vessel disease.European radiology · 2023Observational
- Gray matter reserve determines glymphatic system function in young-onset Alzheimer's disease: Evidenced by DTI-ALPS and compared with age-matched controls.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2023Article
- Intrathecal Pseudodelivery of Drugs in the Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Rationale, Basis and Potential Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Evaluation of glymphatic system activity using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space and amyloid PET in older adults with objectively normal cognition: a preliminary study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The glymphatic system has been described as one that facilitates the exchange between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid, and many recent studies have demonstrated glymphatic flow based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We aim to systematically review the studies demonstrating a normal glymphatic flow in a human population using MRI and to propose a detailed glymphatic imaging protocol. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify studies with human participants involving MRI-based demonstrations of the normal glymphatic flow. We extracted data on the imaging sequence, imaging protocol, and the targeted anatomical structures on each study. Results: According to contrast-enhanced MRI studies, peak enhancement was sequentially detected first in the CSF space, followed by the brain parenchyma, the meningeal lymphatic vessel (MLV), and, finally, the cervical lymph nodes, corresponding with glymphatic flow and explaining the drainage into the MLV. Non-contrast flow-sensitive MRI studies revealed similar glymphatic inflow from the CSF space to the brain parenchyma and efflux of exchanged fluid from the brain parenchyma to the MLV. Conclusion: We may recommend T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI for visualizing glymphatic flow. Our result can increase understanding of the glymphatic system and may lay the groundwork for establishing central nervous system fluid dynamic theories and developing standardized imaging protocols.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.