ArticleCurrent directions in psychological science2021
Evidence and Implications from a Natural Experiment of Prenatal Androgen Effects on Gendered Behavior.
Article in Current directions in psychological science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender "in the wild": toward a person-specific behavioral neuroendocrinology.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Beyond endocrine features in non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a narrative review of psychoneuro-social perspectives in pediatric and adolescent patients.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Social and biological factors related to gender expression in 3-year-old children.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Females With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Psychiatric Comorbidities in Women With Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome or Müllerian Duct Aplasia/Agenesis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Using behavioural network mapping to investigate dyadic play in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Mental Health Issues Associated With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- DSD-related attitudes and beliefs held by pediatric endocrinologists and urologists: Insights from the North American disorders/differences of sex development (DSD) clinician survey.Journal of pediatric urology · 2024Article
- Recommendations for 46,XX Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Across Two Decades: Insights from the North American Differences of Sex Development Clinician Survey.Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Article
- Teaching About Sex and Gender in Neuroscience: More Than Meets the "XY".Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sex and gender are key to people's lives, and are the focus of scientific and popular interest and controversy. Sex-related psychological characteristics reflect more than socialization; they are influenced by sex hormones present during sensitive periods of development, particularly prenatal androgens. Studies of females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) show how prenatal androgens affect behavior across the life span, with large effects on gendered activity interests and engagement, moderate effects on spatial abilities, and relatively small (or no) effects on gender identity, gender cognitions, and gendered peer involvement. In addition to showing the complexity of androgen effects on gendered behavior, studies of females with CAH provide an opportunity to test theories of gender development, understand how nature and nurture work together, and examine mechanisms of development. The implications of this work have often been misunderstood, so we consider what it means - and does not mean - for biology to influence gender-related behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.