ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2022
Immune Related Adverse Events of the Thyroid - A Narrative Review.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated toxicities in older adults with cancer: recommendations from the International Society of Geriatric Oncology (SIOG).The Lancet. Oncology · 2025Guideline
- Exploring risk factors for endocrine-related immune-related adverse events: Insights from meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Budigalimab, an anti-PD-1 inhibitor, for people living with HIV-1: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1b study.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Immune-mediated adverse events in the randomized phase 3 TOPAZ-1 study of durvalumab plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced biliary tract cancer.The oncologist · 2025Trial
- Immune-Related Thyroid Dysfunction in PD-L1 High Non-Oncogene-Addicted NSCLC Treated with First-Line Pembrolizumab: Incidence, Timing, and Predictive Impact.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Predictive value of pre-existing thyroid autoantibodies for PD-1 inhibitor-induced hypothyroidism: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Treatment-Refractory Hypothyroidism due to Proteinuria During Combined Immune Checkpoint and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy - A Case Report.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2026Article
- Multiple or Single Endocrine Abnormalities Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors associated thyroiditis: mechanisms and clinical outcomes.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Disproportionality analysis and risk factor assessment of drug-associated thyroid dysfunction adverse events: a study based on the FAERS database.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Annexin A1-FPR1 Interaction in dendritic cells promotes immune microenvironment modulation in Thyroid Cancer.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Impact of thyroid immune-related adverse events on clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A single center study.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2025Article
- Severe thyroiditis induced by sintilimab monotherapy in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Correlation between different levels of thyroid autoantibodies and immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated thyroid dysfunction.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Serplulimab-induced thyroid dysfunction in a patient with advanced small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Rhabdomyolysis as a Predominant Multisystem Serious Immune-Related Adverse Event Induced by Sintilimab: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Interpretable machine learning model predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypothyroidism: A retrospective cohort study.Cancer science · 2024Article
- Review
- A Misleading Case of NTRK-Rearranged Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.The oncologist · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoints are small molecules present on the cell surface of T-lymphocytes. They maintain self-tolerance and regulate the amplitude and duration of T-cell responses. Antagonism of immune checkpoints with monoclonal antibodies (immune checkpoint inhibitors) is a rapidly evolving field of anti-cancer immunotherapy and has become standard of care in management of many cancer subtypes. Immune checkpoint inhibition is an effective cancer treatment but can precipitate immune related adverse events (irAEs). Thyroid dysfunction is the most common endocrine irAE and can occur in up to 40% of treated patients. Both thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism occur. The clinical presentation and demographic associations of thyrotoxicosis compared to hypothyroidism suggest unique entities with different etiologies. Thyroid irAEs, particularly overt thyrotoxicosis, are associated with increased immune toxicity in other organ systems, but also with longer progression-free and overall survival. Polygenic risk scores using susceptibility loci associated with autoimmune thyroiditis predict development of checkpoint inhibitor associated irAEs, suggesting potentially shared mechanisms underpinning their development. Our review will provide an up-to-date summary of knowledge in the field of thyroid irAEs. Major focus will be directed toward pathogenesis (including genetic factors shared with autoimmune thyroid disease), demographic associations, clinical presentation and course, treatment, and the relationship with cancer outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.