ReviewThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale2022
Global Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids among Healthcare Workers: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence of occupational HIV seroconversion among healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Are Those Who Protect Protected? Occupational Risk Among Medical Students in Romania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Determinants of Blood Exposure Accidents Among Health Care Workers in Kalemie, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Plant Biofactories for Vaccination: Progress in Edible Vaccine Technologies as a Sustainable Approach to Global Immunization.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Work-Related Quality of Life, Mental Health, and Female Sexual Well-Being Among Nurses.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Occupational Exposure Incidents Among Nursing Students: Knowledge, Experience, and Reporting Practices-A Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Occupational Hazards in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratories: Radiation and Beyond-ANMCO Position Paper Update 2026.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Cortisol Stability at 16 and 30 Years in Urine Specimens Stored at -20°C.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Circumstances of Percutaneous Sharps Injuries in German Healthcare Workers-An Analysis of the Ten-Year Period from 2015 to 2024 Based on Accident Insurance Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Occult hepatitis B virus infection among hepatitis B surface antigen negative vaccinated healthcare workers in East Gojjam zone hospitals.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Individual and Organizational Level Barriers to Post-exposure Prophylaxis Uptake for Hepatitis B Virus Among Midwives in Northern Ghana: A Qualitative Enquiry.Health services insights · 2026Article
- Article
- Development and validation of a multiplex assay system for simultaneous detection of HIV-1, HBV, and human STRs for forensic application on CE system.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Immune Status Response of Hepatitis B Virus Among Healthcare Workers in Yaoundé General Hospital, Cameroon, During May to June 2024: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- A Survey of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of a Sample of Albanian Medical Students in Relation to Occupational Exposure to Biological Agents.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessment of operating room nurses' exposure to biological hazards: development and psychometric evaluation of a scale.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Midwives' compliance with post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines in Tshwane District, South Africa.Curationis · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids has become a serious public health problem for healthcare workers and is a major risk for the transmission of various infections such as human immune-deficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the career time and previous one-year global pooled prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers. Methods: For the review, the articles published in English were searched using the electronic databases (SCOPUS/Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, DOAJ, and MedNar) with a combination of Boolean logic operators (AND, OR, and NOT), Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), and keywords. A quality assessment was conducted to determine the relevance of the articles using JBI critical appraisal tools. Furthermore, several steps of assessment and evaluation were taken to select and analyze the relevant articles. Results: Of the 3912 articles identified through the electronic database search, 33 that met the inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. The current study found that the global pooled prevalence of blood and body fluids among healthcare workers during career time and in the previous one year accounted for 56.6% (95% CI: 47.3, 65.4) and 39.0% (95% CI: 32.7, 45.7), respectively. Based on subgroup analysis by publication year, survey year, and World Health Organization regions, the highest prevalence of blood and body fluid exposure in the last 12 months was observed among articles published between 2004 and 2008 (66.3%), conducted between 2003 and 2008 (66.6%), and conducted in the Southeast Asia Region (46.9%). The highest career time prevalence was 60.6%, 71.0%, and 68.4% for articles published between 2015 and 2020, conducted between 2015 and 2019, and reported in the African region, respectively. Conclusion: The current study revealed a high prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers and suggests the need to improve occupational health and safety services in healthcare systems globally.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.