ArticleBMC genomics2022
Advances in understanding Norway spruce natural resistance to needle bladder rust infection: transcriptional and secondary metabolites profiling.
Article in BMC genomics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resin-based response of Pinus pinaster and P. radiata during infection by Fusarium circinatum.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Article
- Exploring Pinus nigra's induced defense arsenal against Diplodia sapinea through gene and metabolic pathway analysis.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Bark beetle (Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Infection of Norway spruce by Chrysomyxa rhododendri: ultrastructural insights into plant-pathogen interactions reveal differences between resistant and susceptible trees.Tree physiology · 2025Article
- Elevated nutrient supply can exert worse effects on Norway spruce than drought, viewed through chemical defence against needle rust.Tree physiology · 2023Article
- Knotwood and Branchwood Polyphenolic Extractives of Silver Fir, Spruce and Douglas Fir and Their Antioxidant, Antifungal and Antibacterial Properties.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNeedle rust caused by the fungus Chrysomyxa rhododendri causes significant growth decline and increased mortality of young Norway spruce trees in subalpine forests. Extremely rare trees with enhanced resistance represent promising candidates for practice-oriented reproduction approaches. They also enable the investigation of tree molecular defence and resistance mechanisms against this fungal disease. Here, we combined RNA-Seq, RT-qPCR and secondary metabolite analyses during a period of 38 days following natural infection to investigate differences in constitutive and infection-induced defence between the resistant genotype PRA-R and three susceptible genotypes.
resultsGene expression and secondary metabolites significantly differed among genotypes from day 7 on and revealed already known, but also novel candidate genes involved in spruce molecular defence against this pathogen. Several key genes related to (here and previously identified) spruce defence pathways to needle rust were differentially expressed in PRA-R compared to susceptible genotypes, both constitutively (in non-symptomatic needles) and infection-induced (in symptomatic needles). These genes encoded both new and well-known antifungal proteins such as endochitinases and chitinases. Specific genetic characteristics concurred with varying phenolic, terpene, and hormone needle contents in the resistant genotype, among them higher accumulation of several flavonoids (mainly kaempferol and taxifolin), stilbenes, geranyl acetone, α-ionone, abscisic acid and salicylic acid.
conclusionsCombined transcriptional and metabolic profiling of the Norway spruce defence response to infection by C. rhododendri in adult trees under subalpine conditions confirmed the results previously gained on artificially infected young clones in the greenhouse, both regarding timing and development of infection, and providing new insights into genes and metabolic pathways involved. The comparison of genotypes with different degrees of susceptibility proved that several of the identified key genes are differently regulated in PRA-R, and that the resistant genotype combines a strong constitutive defence with an induced response in infected symptomatic needles following fungal invasion. Genetic and metabolic differences between the resistant and susceptible genotypes indicated a more effective hypersensitive response (HR) in needles of PRA-R that prevents penetration and spread of the rust fungus and leads to a lower proportion of symptomatic needles as well as reduced symptom development on the few affected needles.
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