ArticleIUBMB life2023
Neuromelanins in brain aging and Parkinson's disease: synthesis, structure, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative role.
Article in IUBMB life, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does quantitative susceptibility mapping elucidate age-related alterations in deep gray matter iron deposition? A systematic review.Radiological physics and technology · 2026Review
- Reimagining the contribution of iron in Parkinson's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Review
- Aberrant immunomodulatory signature in β-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration patient iPSC-derived microglia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- PET imaging of alpha-synuclein: from radiotracer design through in vitro and in vivo translation.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Review
- Melanin as a Redox Hub: Linking Energy Flow to Genome Stability and Immune Control.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2026Review
- Biological aging predicts mortality in Parkinson's patients: evidence from UK Biobank.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Recent advances in metabolic engineering for microbial production of L-tyrosine.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective Attributes of Gut-derived Urolithins in Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- A Potential Role of Natural Bioactive Compounds Found in Food in the Prevention of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Modeling Midbrain and Brainstem Neuromelanins to Characterize Metal Binding and Associated MRI Contrast in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Characterisation of localised pigment accumulation in brains of eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) after clinical disease due to chronic Phalaris species toxicosis.Australian veterinary journal · 2025Article
- Abnormal iron metabolism in the zona incerta in Parkinson's disease mice.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Phytochemicals in Parkinson's Disease: a Pathway to Neuroprotection and Personalized Medicine.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Review
- Natural polyphenol mangiferin delays neuronal cell senescence by inhibiting neuroinflammation mediated by microglial activation.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Levodopa treatment: impacts and mechanisms throughout Parkinson's disease progression.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Induction of Ferroptotic Cell Death by Neuromelanin Pigments in Dopaminergic Cells.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Article
- A Focus on the Link Between Metal Dyshomeostasis, Norepinephrine, and Protein Aggregation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Catecholamines Differ in Their Capacity to Form Melanin.microPublication biology · 2025Article
- Metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium crenatum for enhanced L-tyrosine production from mannitol and glucose.Microbial cell factories · 2024Article
- Modelling human neuronal catecholaminergic pigmentation in rodents recapitulates age-related neurodegenerative deficits.Nature communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Neuromelanins are compounds accumulating in neurons of human and animal brain during aging, with neurons of substantia nigra and locus coeruleus having the highest levels of neuromelanins. These compounds have melanic, lipid, peptide, and inorganic components and are contained inside special autolysosomes. Neuromelanins can participate in neuroprotective or toxic processes occurring in Parkinson's disease according to cellular environment. Their synthesis depends on the concentration of cytosolic catechols and is a protective process since it prevents the toxic accumulation of catechols-derived reactive compounds. Neuromelanins can be neuroprotective also by binding reactive/toxic metals to produce stable and non-toxic complexes. Extraneuronal neuromelanin released by dying dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease activates microglia which generate reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and proinflammatory molecules, thus producing still neuroinflammation and neuronal death. Synthetic neuromelanins have been prepared with melanic, protein structure, and metal content closely mimicking the natural brain pigment, and these models are also able to activate microglia. Neuromelanins have different structure, synthesis, cellular/subcellular distribution, and role than melanins of hair, skin, and other tissues. The main common aspect between brain neuromelanin and peripheral melanin is the presence of eumelanin and/or pheomelanin moieties in their structure.
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