ArticleBMC microbiology2022
Investigation of fluconazole susceptibility to Candida albicans by MALDI-TOF MS and real-time PCR for CDR1, CDR2, MDR1 and ERG11.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- The future of fungal diagnostics: What's next in laboratory testing for invasive fungal infection?Medical mycology · 2026Review
- Generation of antifungals to combat drug resistance using language models and diffusion models.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Optimisation of electrospinning parameters to successfully obtain high ratios of medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate in electrospun fibres with drug loading for wound healing applications.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2026Article
- Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity assessment of the ethanol extract of Lannea schimperi bark: antioxidant, antiradical, and antimicrobial potentials.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Detection of Fluconazole Resistance inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Multifaceted Antimicrobial Profile of Piperine in Infectious Disease Management: Current Perspectives and Potential.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genomics insights of candidiasis: mechanisms of pathogenicity and drug resistance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Otilonium Bromide Exhibits Potent Antifungal Effects by Blocking Ergosterol Plasma Membrane Localization and Triggering Cytotoxic Autophagy in Candida Albicans.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- MALDI-TOF MS: A Reliable Tool in the Real Life of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Biofilm antimicrobial susceptibility testing: where are we and where could we be going?Clinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Uncovering the Yeast Diversity in the Female Genital Tract: An Exploration of Spatial Distribution and Antifungal Resistance.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The challenges of the genome-based identification of antifungal resistance in the clinical routine.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- The Changing Landscape of Invasive Fungal Infections in ICUs: A Need for Risk Stratification to Better Target Antifungal Drugs and the Threat of Resistance.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A Narrative Review of Invasive Candidiasis in the Intensive Care Unit.Therapeutic advances in pulmonary and critical care medicineReview
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundC. albicans is a pathogenic yeast that is the most common cause of fungal infections in humans. Unfortunately, the yeast's resistance to the antifungal medication fluconazole (FLC) is increasing; furthermore, testing its susceptibility to FLC by conventional methods takes time, resulting in treatment failure. The susceptibility of C. albicans to FLC was investigated using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry and Real-time PCR tests for CDR1, CDR2, MDR1 and ERG11. Overall, 32 C. albicans strains made up of four reference strains (three FLC susceptible [S] and one FLC resistant [R], one spontaneous mutant strain [FLC susceptible-dose-dependent (SDD)] and 27 clinical strains obtained from two Thai University Hospitals) were tested for susceptibility to FLC. The following tests were performed: SensititreYeastOne and broth microdilution method, FLC resistant expression mechanism by Real-time PCR, and the major peak determination by MALDI-TOF MS.
resultsThe change of CDR1 and CDR2 mRNA expression was only significantly observed in SDD and R strains. MALDI-TOF MS was performed after incubation for six hours; the change of mass spectral intensity at range 3376-3382 m/z (major peak) was significantly related to FLC susceptibility as SDD (decreased at 4 µg/mL and increased at 8 µg/mL), S (all increased), and R (all slightly decreased or no change). All 27 clinical strains showed FLC minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC range 0.25-2 µg/mL), no change in CDR1 and CDR2 expression and S major peak type. The FLC resistant C. albicans with CDR1and CDR2 expression may possibly affect the change of mass spectral intensity at range 3376-3382 m/z.
conclusionsThe MALDI-TOF MS may be used to simultaneously classify and predict FLC resistant C. albicans strains associated with CDR1 and CDR2 expression. Further studies are essential to clarify the methodology and improve the reliability of this assay for routine diagnosis.
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