ArticleBMJ open2022
Inequalities in demand satisfied with modern methods of family planning among women aged 15-49 years: a secondary data analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys of six South Asian countries.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determinants of family planning use among married women of reproductive age in south Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Are Higher Medical Benefits Associated with Fertility Intentions?-A Survey Study from the Yangtze River Delta Region.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Trends and patterns of inequality in modern contraceptive use in urban and rural India: are family planning programmes increasingly reaching the marginalized?Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- The pooled proportion and associated factors of adolescent pregnancy in 47 low- and middle-income countries: A multilevel analysis.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Determinants of agency in family planning among marginalized and non-marginalized women: an analysis of the Nepal demographic and health survey 2022.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Observational
- Sociodemographic factors associated with modern contraceptive use in Japan: an analysis of national survey data.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Article
- Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods in Ghana: trends and inequalities (2013-2022).BMC public health · 2025Article
- Women's Attitudes toward Family Planning in the Postpartum Period and Affecting Factors: Turkiye Sample.Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society · 2025Article
- Progress in reducing socioeconomic inequalities in the use of modern contraceptives in 48 focus countries as part of the FP2030 initiative between 1990 and 2020: a population-based analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Article
- Inequality in modern contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception among women of reproductive age in Zambia. A trend and decomposition analysis 2007-2018.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- The intersection between migration, HIV, and contraceptive use in Uganda: a cross-sectional population-based study.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- Equity trends for the UHC service coverage sub-index for reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health in Pakistan: evidence from demographic health surveys.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities and Factors Associated with the Use of Modern Contraceptive Methods in Women of Childbearing Age in Ecuador, 2018.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Abstract
objectiveTo estimate educational and wealth inequalities in demand satisfied with modern methods of family planning (mDFPS).
designA secondary data analyses of Demographic and Health Surveys.
settingSix South Asian countries, Afghanistan (2015), Bangladesh (2014), India (2015-2016), Maldives (2016-2017), Nepal (2016) and Pakistan (2017-2018).
participantsWomen aged 15-49 years. Primary and secondary outcome measures mDFPS was defined as married women aged 15-49 years or their partners, who desired no child, no additional children or to postpone the next pregnancy and who are currently using any modern contraceptive method. We estimated weighted and age-standardised estimates of mDFPS. We calculated the slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) as the measures of socioeconomic inequalities.
resultsA total of 782 639 women were surveyed. The response rate was 84.0% and above. The prevalence of mDFPS was below 50% in Maldives (22.8%, 95% CI 20.7 to 25.0), Pakistan (42.0%, 95% CI 39.9 to 44.0) and Afghanistan (39.1%, 95% CI 36.9 to 41.3), whereas Bangladesh had achieved 76% (75.8%, 95% CI 74.2 to 77.3). Both wealth and educational inequalities varied in magnitude and direction between the countries. Except in Nepal and Bangladesh, mDFPS wealth inequalities showed a trend of increasing mDFPS as we moved towards richer, and richest wealth quintiles that is, pro-poor (RII (0.5 to 0.9); SII (-4.9 to -23.0)). In India and Nepal, higher versus no education was in favour of no education (higher mDFPS among not educated women) (RII 1.1 and 1.4; SII 4.1 and 15.3, respectively) and reverse in other countries ((RII (0.4 to 0.8); SII (-10.5 to -30.3)). Afghanistan, Maldives and Pakistan fared badly in both educational and wealth inequalities among the countries.
conclusionsSouth Asia region still has a long way ahead towards achieving universal access to mDFPS. Diverse patterns of socioeconomic inequalities between the countries call for national governments and international development agencies to target the population subgroups for improving the mDFPS coverage.
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